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영어 연습

IELTS Academic 리딩 True, False, Not Given: False와 Not Given 구별하는 법

An evidence table with three distinct evidence tabs.

IELTS Academic 리딩의 True, False, Not Given 문제 푸는 법: 근거 찾기, 모순과 정보 없음의 구별, 단어 수 제한, 짧은 지문으로 하는 연습을 정리했습니다.

IELTS 리딩의 True, False, Not Given 문제에서는 진술(statement)이 지문과 어떤 관계인지 판단합니다. 지문이 같은 내용을 말하면 TRUE, 진술과 모순되는 내용을 말하면 FALSE, 어느 쪽으로도 말하지 않으면 NOT GIVEN입니다. 점수를 가장 많이 잃는 곳은 뒤의 두 답 사이입니다. FALSE는 진술을 부정하는 표현이 지문에 있어야 하고, NOT GIVEN은 판단에 필요한 정보가 아예 없다는 뜻입니다. 근거를 찾고, 진술의 모든 부분을 확인하고, 배경지식으로 답하지 마세요. 이 글은 중상급(B2) 이상의 영어 실력을 갖춘 IELTS Academic 응시자를 위한 안내입니다.

이 글이 맞는 분

  • 지문은 이해하는데 False와 Not Given 사이에서 계속 점수를 잃는 분.
  • 맞는 단락을 찾느라 시간을 너무 많이 써서 시간이 모자라는 분.
  • 그럴듯해 보이는 쪽이나 주제에 대해 이미 아는 내용으로 답하는 분.
  • 아직 이르다면: IELTS에서 정확한 근거를 찾는 일이 아직 낯설다면, 같은 습관을 길러 주는 리스닝의 정답 두 개 고르기 문제부터 시작하세요(아래 링크).
  • 너무 쉽다면: 이 유형이 이미 안정적이라면 글쓴이의 견해를 묻는 Yes, No, Not Given 문제로 넘어가세요(아래 링크).

예시 학습 페이지 열기

예시 학습 페이지 열기

단어 카드

True

the statement agrees with information in the text

Text: access improved after the move. Statement: The move improved access.

False

the statement contradicts information in the text

Text: sewing machines were booked most. Statement: Drills were booked most.

Not Given

the text does not establish the statement either way

Text gives a three-day loan but no renewal count.

문장 형태

historically significant (adverb + adjective)

an adverb modifies an adjective in a conventional partnership

The recovered notebook was historically significant.

a detailed record (adjective + noun)

an adjective combines conventionally with a noun

The archive preserves a detailed record of the invention.

storage box (noun + noun)

one noun modifies another noun

The research team opened the storage box.

추가 연습

Three evidence states

The Westbridge Repair Library began lending tools in 2019. Its founders expected most members to borrow drills and saws, but sewing machines became the most frequently booked items during the first winter. In 2021, the library moved from a basement to a street-level room, which improved wheelchair access.

Members may reserve an item for three days. Volunteers inspect returned tools every evening, and a qualified technician checks electrical items each Friday. Since 2023, damaged equipment has been sent to a partner workshop rather than repaired in the library.

A survey found that members valued practical advice more than low fees. It recorded strong support for weekend opening, but the trustees have not announced whether Sunday hours will be introduced.

Choose True, False or Not Given

The Westbridge Repair Library began lending tools in 2019. Its founders expected most members to borrow drills and saws, but sewing machines became the most frequently booked items during the first winter. In 2021, the library moved from a basement to a street-level room, which improved wheelchair access.

Members may reserve an item for three days. Volunteers inspect returned tools every evening, and a qualified technician checks electrical items each Friday. Since 2023, damaged equipment has been sent to a partner workshop rather than repaired in the library.

A survey found that members valued practical advice more than low fees. It recorded strong support for weekend opening, but the trustees have not announced whether Sunday hours will be introduced.

  1. Sewing machines were the most frequently booked items in the first winter.

    정답과 해설 보기

    True

    The first paragraph states this directly.

  2. Returned electrical tools are checked by a technician every evening.

    정답과 해설 보기

    False

    Volunteers inspect returns every evening, but the technician checks electrical items on Fridays.

  3. Members can renew a reservation twice.

    정답과 해설 보기

    Not Given

    The passage gives a loan duration but no renewal count.

  4. The trustees have confirmed Sunday opening.

    정답과 해설 보기

    False

    The text explicitly says no Sunday decision has been announced.

Defend the evidence state

An evidence table with three distinct evidence tabs.

The Westbridge Repair Library began lending tools in 2019. Its founders expected most members to borrow drills and saws, but sewing machines became the most frequently booked items during the first winter. In 2021, the library moved from a basement to a street-level room, which improved wheelchair access.

Members may reserve an item for three days. The text does not state how many times a reservation can be renewed. Volunteers inspect returned tools every evening, and a qualified technician checks electrical items each Friday. Since 2023, damaged equipment has been sent to a partner workshop rather than repaired in the library.

A survey found that members valued practical advice more than low fees. It recorded strong support for weekend opening, but the trustees have not announced whether Sunday hours will be introduced.

Three-state frame

  • True — matching text evidence
  • False — contradicting text evidence
  • Not Given — information absent

Possible topics

  • popular equipment
  • access
  • loan length
  • renewals
  • inspection
  • Sunday hours

Read for evidence boundaries

Two adults compare archive evidence and a mechanical model.

In 2018, volunteers at the Harbour Archive opened an unlabelled wooden case donated by a retired engineer. Inside they found a compact tide calculator, three notebooks and a receipt dated 1964. The calculator used rotating metal discs to estimate safe departure times for small boats. An inventory from 1972 mentioned a similar device, but its dimensions were larger and its maker was listed as unknown.

Engineer Lila Morgan signed two of the newly found notebooks. Entries show that she tested the compact calculator between March and July 1963, one year before the receipt. A newspaper profile from 1965 praised Morgan's harbour research but did not mention the device. The archive therefore attributes the compact model to Morgan with moderate confidence. It does not claim that she invented every tide calculator or that the 1972 device was hers.

After conservation, the compact calculator went on display in 2020. A digital replica was added in 2022 so visitors could explore the mechanism without touching the original.

Locate through anchors and paraphrase

Anchor → evidence

  • 2018 → case opened
  • 1963 → Morgan tested compact calculator
  • 1964 → receipt date
  • 2020 → displayed
  • 2022 → digital replica added

Paraphrase links

  • donated → given
  • attributes to → identifies probable maker
  • moderate confidence → supported but not certain
  • replica → copy

Choose only what the text establishes

In 2018, volunteers at the Harbour Archive opened an unlabelled wooden case donated by a retired engineer. Inside they found a compact tide calculator, three notebooks and a receipt dated 1964. The calculator used rotating metal discs to estimate safe departure times for small boats. An inventory from 1972 mentioned a similar device, but its dimensions were larger and its maker was listed as unknown.

Engineer Lila Morgan signed two of the newly found notebooks. Entries show that she tested the compact calculator between March and July 1963, one year before the receipt. A newspaper profile from 1965 praised Morgan's harbour research but did not mention the device. The archive therefore attributes the compact model to Morgan with moderate confidence. It does not claim that she invented every tide calculator or that the 1972 device was hers.

After conservation, the compact calculator went on display in 2020. A digital replica was added in 2022 so visitors could explore the mechanism without touching the original.

  1. What was inside the donated case?

    정답과 해설 보기

    a compact tide calculator and three notebooks

    The first paragraph lists the compact calculator and three notebooks.

  2. Why is Morgan linked to the compact model?

    정답과 해설 보기

    she signed notebooks describing tests of it

    Her signed notebooks record tests of the compact calculator.

  3. What does the archive avoid claiming?

    정답과 해설 보기

    that Morgan invented every tide calculator

    The passage explicitly limits the attribution.

Brief a new curator

Two adults compare archive evidence and a mechanical model.

In 2018, volunteers at the Harbour Archive opened an unlabelled wooden case donated by a retired engineer. Inside they found a compact tide calculator, three notebooks and a receipt dated 1964. The calculator used rotating metal discs to estimate safe departure times for small boats. An list from 1972 mentioned a similar device, but its dimensions were larger and its maker was listed as unknown.

Engineer Lila Morgan signed two of the newly found notebooks. Entries show that she tested the compact calculator between March and July 1963, one year before the receipt. A newspaper profile from 1965 praised Morgan's harbour research but did not mention the device. The archive therefore attributes the compact model to Morgan with moderate confidence. It does not claim that she invented every tide calculator or that the 1972 device was hers.

After conservation, the compact calculator went on display in 2020. A digital replica was added in 2022 so visitors could explore the mechanism without touching the original.

Evidence briefing frame

  • Object/date: ___
  • Direct evidence: ___
  • Cautious inference: ___
  • Not established: ___

Required language

  • the record states
  • this suggests
  • with moderate confidence
  • the text does not establish

Read the process before the blanks

The City Sound Archive receives donated recordings in four stages. First, a coordinator records the donor's name and the number of files. Next, a technician creates a protected copy before opening any original file. The team then checks sound quality and adds a short description. Finally, recordings with clear permission are released to the public catalogue; restricted recordings enter secure storage.

During a 202-file pilot, 140 recordings entered the public catalogue, 30 entered secure storage and 12 were returned because permission was unclear. The remaining 20 recordings were still awaiting review. Each protected copy used the same file name plus a date code.

Predict form from rows and units

Process notes — NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

  • 1 record donor name and number of ___
  • 2 create a protected ___
  • 3 check sound quality and add a ___
  • 4 clear permission → public catalogue
  • 4 restricted → secure ___

Pilot table — A NUMBER

  • total files: ___
  • public catalogue: ___
  • secure storage: ___
  • returned: ___
  • awaiting review: ___

Complete within the visible limits

The City Sound Archive receives donated recordings in four stages. First, a coordinator records the donor's name and the number of files. Next, a technician creates a protected copy before opening any original file. The team then checks sound quality and adds a short description. Finally, recordings with clear permission are released to the public catalogue; restricted recordings enter secure storage.

During a 202-file pilot, 140 recordings entered the public catalogue, 30 entered secure storage and 12 were returned because permission was unclear. The remaining 20 recordings were still awaiting review. Each protected copy used the same file name plus a date code.

  1. record donor name and number of ___

    정답과 해설 보기

    files

    The passage says the coordinator records the number of files.

  2. create a protected ___

    정답과 해설 보기

    copy

    The exact process noun is protected copy.

  3. restricted recordings enter secure ___

    정답과 해설 보기

    storage

    The final branch sends restricted recordings to secure storage.

  4. How many recordings entered secure storage?

    정답과 해설 보기

    30

    The pilot data assigns 30 recordings to secure storage.

Read for concise answer spans

A neighbourhood roof project tested three surface materials during July. White mineral tiles produced the lowest midday temperature, while untreated metal produced the highest. Recycled rubber panels reduced indoor heat but became softer after repeated rain. The team selected mineral tiles for the community clinic because they stayed cool and required little maintenance. Rubber panels will be tested again on a storage building, where surface softness presents less risk. The report does not recommend untreated metal for either site.

Obey the visible word limit

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

  • Which material was coolest? ___
  • Where will rubber be retested? ___
  • What happened to rubber after rain? ___
  • Which site receives mineral tiles? ___

Form clues

  • Which material → material noun phrase
  • Where → place noun phrase
  • What happened → verb/adjective phrase
  • Which site → site noun phrase

Choose the concise answer from the passage

A neighbourhood roof project tested three surface materials during July. White mineral tiles produced the lowest midday temperature, while untreated metal produced the highest. Recycled rubber panels reduced indoor heat but became softer after repeated rain. The team selected mineral tiles for the community clinic because they stayed cool and required little maintenance. Rubber panels will be tested again on a storage building, where surface softness presents less risk. The report does not recommend untreated metal for either site.

  1. Which material produced the lowest midday temperature?

    정답과 해설 보기

    white mineral tiles

    White mineral tiles is the exact three-word phrase from the passage.

  2. Where will rubber panels be tested again?

    정답과 해설 보기

    a storage building

    A storage building is the stated future test site and fits the limit.

  3. What did rubber panels become after repeated rain?

    정답과 해설 보기

    softer

    The passage states that the panels became softer.

  4. Which site will receive mineral tiles?

    정답과 해설 보기

    the community clinic

    The team selected mineral tiles for the community clinic.

Write and check four short answers

Two adults compare archive evidence and a mechanical model.

A neighbourhood roof project tested three surface materials during July. White mineral tiles produced the lowest midday temperature, while untreated metal produced the highest. Recycled rubber panels reduced indoor heat but became softer after repeated rain. The team selected mineral tiles for the community clinic because they stayed cool and required little maintenance. Rubber panels will be tested again on a storage building, where surface softness presents less risk. The report does not recommend untreated metal for either site.

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

  • coolest material: ___
  • rubber retest place: ___
  • rain effect: ___
  • tile site: ___

Audit

  • directly answers question
  • uses words from the passage
  • within three words
  • spelling and number correct

Collocation Forms: second set

reach a conclusion (verb + noun)

a verb and noun commonly occur together

Researchers reached a conclusion after comparing the dates.

insight into (noun + preposition)

a content word selects a conventional dependent preposition

The curator gave visitors insight into the design.

Collocation Forms: transfer

A four-stage restoration process from inspection to display.

Reference A

  • historically significant (adverb + adjective) — an adverb modifies an adjective in a conventional partnership
  • a detailed record (adjective + noun) — an adjective combines conventionally with a noun
  • storage box (noun + noun) — one noun modifies another noun

Reference B

  • reach a conclusion (verb + noun) — a verb and noun commonly occur together
  • insight into (noun + preposition) — a content word selects a conventional dependent preposition
이 단원 배우기
어떻게 배우고 싶나요?
계정이 있나요?

무료 계정은 한 단원을 계속 열어 둘 수 있습니다.

True, False, Not Given 문제는 어떻게 출제되나

IELTS Academic 리딩은 긴 지문 3개, 40문항, 60분으로 구성되며, 지필 시험에서도 답을 옮겨 적는 시간이 따로 주어지지 않습니다.

지시문은 이렇게 묻습니다: “Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?” 진술은 지문의 순서를 따르며, 답은 다음 셋 중 하나입니다.

  • TRUE: 진술이 지문의 정보와 일치합니다.
  • FALSE: 진술이 지문의 정보와 모순됩니다.
  • NOT GIVEN: 이에 대한 정보가 없습니다.

먼저 위치 찾기: 기준이 되는 단어와 바꿔 말하기

바꿔 말하기 어려운 단어를 찾으세요. 이름, 날짜, 숫자, 전문 용어입니다. 그다음 그 문장 전체와 다음 문장까지 읽으세요. 결정적인 정보는 기준 단어에서 몇 단어 떨어진 곳에 있는 경우가 많습니다.

한 기록 보관소에 관한 연습 지문에서 1963년과 1964년이라는 날짜는 계산 장치의 시험과 영수증으로 이어집니다. 날짜는 어디를 볼지 알려 줄 뿐, 답을 주지는 않습니다. 진술은 대개 지문을 바꿔 말합니다.

  • “donated”는 “given”으로 바뀝니다.
  • “attributes the model to her”는 “identifies her as the probable maker”로 바뀝니다.
  • “with moderate confidence”는 “supported but not certain”으로 바뀝니다.

False인가 Not Given인가: 모순인가, 침묵인가

두 가지 질문을 순서대로 던지세요. 지문이 바로 이 점에 대해 무언가를 말하나요? 아니라면 답은 NOT GIVEN입니다. 말한다면 진술과 일치하나요, 모순되나요? 일치하면 TRUE, 모순되면 FALSE입니다. 현실에서는 사실인 내용도 NOT GIVEN일 수 있습니다.

이 페이지의 카드마다 예문 녹음이 있습니다.

  • TRUE: “Text: access improved after the move. Statement: The move improved access.”
  • FALSE: “Text: sewing machines were booked most. Statement: Drills were booked most.” 가장 많이 예약된 물건은 하나뿐입니다.
  • NOT GIVEN: “Text gives a three-day loan but no renewal count.” 연장에 관한 진술은 확인할 수 없습니다.

직접 풀어 보기: 공구 도서관

공구를 빌려주는 동네 공구 도서관에 관한 연습 지문의 일부입니다. 읽고 판단해 보세요.

  • “Members may reserve an item for three days. Volunteers inspect returned tools every evening, and a qualified technician checks electrical items each Friday.”
진술: “Returned electrical tools are checked by a technician every evening.”

답을 결정하는 작은 단어들

주장의 범위를 주장만큼 꼼꼼히 읽으세요. “expected”는 “happened”가 아니고, “may”는 “will”이 아닙니다. 기록 보관소 지문은 계산 장치를 한 엔지니어의 것으로 보되 그 확신의 정도를 “with moderate confidence”라고 밝히고, “does not claim that she invented every tide calculator”라고 덧붙입니다. 그래서 “The archive is certain who made it.”은 FALSE이고, “She invented the first tide calculator.”는 NOT GIVEN입니다.

공구 도서관 지문으로 돌아가 보면:

  • “Sewing machines were the most frequently booked items in the first winter.” TRUE. 설립자들은 드릴과 톱을 예상했지만 결과는 달랐습니다.
  • “Members can renew a reservation twice.” NOT GIVEN. 3일이라는 기간은 나오지만 연장은 나오지 않습니다.
  • “The trustees have confirmed Sunday opening.” FALSE. 지문에 따르면 이사회는 “have not announced whether Sunday hours will be introduced” 상태입니다.
나에게 맞는 방법으로 이 단원 배우기

빈칸 완성과 단답형 문제의 단어 수 제한

노트, 표, 단답형 문제도 나옵니다. 답은 지문에서 가져오되 “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”나 “A NUMBER” 같은 지시문의 제한을 지켜야 합니다. 제한을 넘거나 철자가 틀린 답은 오답입니다.

빈칸에 들어갈 형태를 예측하세요. “create a protected ___”의 경우 지문에 “a technician creates a protected copy”가 있으므로 “copy”라고 씁니다. 제한이 “NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS”일 때 “Where will rubber panels be tested again?”의 답은 “a storage building”으로 세 단어입니다. “a”도 한 단어로 세기 때문입니다. 한국어에는 관사가 없어서 “a”와 “the”도 단어 수에 들어간다는 점을 놓치기 쉽습니다.

점수를 잃는 실수

틀린 답마다 다음 원인 중 하나를 적어 두세요.

  • 지문에 언급이 없다는 이유로 FALSE를 고르는 것.
  • 배경지식이나 그럴듯해 보이는 쪽으로 답하는 것.
  • 키워드 하나만 맞춰 보고 사람, 시간, 숫자를 놓치는 것.
  • “expected”, “most”, “may”처럼 범위를 제한하는 단어를 놓치는 것.
  • TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN 문제에 YES나 NO를 쓰는 것. 오답 처리될 수 있습니다.

25분 시험 대비 루틴

일주일에 서너 번, 연습용 지문 하나로 해 보세요.

  • 지문과 문제에 20분을 씁니다.
  • 답하기 전에 기준 단어와 결정적인 단어에 밑줄을 긋습니다.
  • 정답지로 확인합니다. NOT GIVEN마다 빠진 정보를 적고, FALSE마다 모순되는 표현을 그대로 옮겨 적습니다.
  • TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN 진술을 하나씩 직접 만들고 각각 소리 내어 설명합니다.
  • “historically significant”, “a detailed record”, “reach a conclusion”, “insight into” 같은 학술적 연어(콜로케이션)를 기록해 둡니다.

다음 단계

다음에는 이 근거 확인법을 글쓴이의 견해를 묻는 Yes, No, Not Given 문제에 적용하세요. 그다음 정확한 표현이 똑같이 중요한 특징 매칭과 요약 완성 문제를 연습하세요.

자주 묻는 질문

IELTS 리딩에서 False와 Not Given의 차이는 무엇인가요?

FALSE는 지문이 진술과 모순된다는 뜻이고, NOT GIVEN은 진술을 확인하는 데 필요한 정보가 지문에 없다는 뜻입니다.

True, False, Not Given 문제의 답은 지문 순서대로 나오나요?

네. 답 하나를 찾았다면 다음 답은 그 뒤에서 찾으세요.

True, False, Not Given과 Yes, No, Not Given은 어떻게 다른가요?

앞의 것은 사실 정보를, 뒤의 것은 글쓴이의 견해나 주장을 묻습니다. 지시문에 나온 단어로 답하세요.

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