TOEIC Reading Part 5(단문 공란 메우기): 품사, 시제, 대명사, 콜로케이션을 정확하게 고르는 법

TOEIC Reading Part 5(단문 공란 메우기)에서는 문장마다 빈칸 하나와 선택지 네 개가 있고, 모든 문제가 문법이나 어휘를 묻습니다. 품사 문제는 빈칸 주변의 단어가 답을 정합니다. “a”나 “the” 뒤에는 명사, “be” 뒤에는 형용사, 동작을 어떻게 하는지 말할 때는 부사입니다. 시제, 대명사, 어휘 문제는 문장 전체를 읽으세요. 단서가 “already”나 “since” 같은 단어일 수 있습니다. 이 글은 중급(B1) 이상의 수험생을 위한 것입니다.

이 글이 맞는 분

문법 규칙은 알지만 Part 5에서 시간에 쫓겨 쉬운 문제를 놓치는 TOEIC 수험생.
“describe”, “description”, “descriptive”나 “efficient”와 “efficiently” 같은 형태를 헷갈리는 분.
시험 답안만큼 자신의 이메일과 메모도 정확하게 쓰고 싶은 직장인.
아직 이릅니다: 과거 시제와 기본 어순이 아직 불안하다면(A2 정도) 일상 문법부터 다지세요. Part 5 연습은 B1 정도부터 효과가 있습니다.
너무 쉽습니다: 한 문장 단위는 이미 안정적이고 실수가 문장 사이의 연결에서 나온다면 Part 6 장문 공란 메우기로 넘어가세요.

예시 학습 페이지 열기

단어 카드

Personal · your first days

Think about your first day in a job, a course or a club. How were you trained, and what do you remember?

Useful: ‘On my first day, I…’ · ‘By the end of the week, I had…’ · ‘What I remember most clearly is…’

Work and society · compulsory training

Which workplace training should be compulsory, and which should be optional?

Useful: ‘… should definitely be compulsory, because…’ · ‘It makes sense to make … optional.’ · ‘I’m not sure that…’

대화 예시

In the sentence “The trainer explained the rule clearly”, why is “clearly” used?

Clearly is an adverb describing how the trainer explained the rule.

Clear is an adjective and clarity is a noun. The verb phrase needs a word describing the manner of explaining here.

문장 형태

1
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
“By lunchtime I ______ almost everything,” she remembers.
정답과 해설 보기
had forgotten
The forgetting happened before a past point (lunchtime), so we use the past perfect: had + past participle (forgotten).
2
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
“The only thing I could recall ______ was where the coffee was.”
정답과 해설 보기
clearly
An adverb (clearly) describes how she could recall. Clear is an adjective and clarity is a noun.
3
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
When Farah was made responsible ______ the program, she decided to find out what new staff actually needed.
정답과 해설 보기
for
The fixed combination is responsible for + noun or -ing: responsible for the program.
4
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
One receptionist had confirmed guest bookings for three months before anyone noticed that she ______ a required payment check.
정답과 해설 보기
had skipped
She skipped the check before anyone noticed, so the earlier past action uses had + past participle.
5
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
Attendance at the first safety session is ______; the others can be moved to fit the work schedule.
정답과 해설 보기
compulsory
After be, an adjective describes the requirement: compulsory means required.
6
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
The hotels have used the new system ______ last April, and the early results are encouraging.
정답과 해설 보기
since
Since + a starting point (last April) goes with the present perfect. For needs a period, and ago goes after a period.
7
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
She is currently ______ a decision about whether to shorten the program for roles with fewer procedures, and she has asked the company to recognize the trainers’ contribution in their annual reviews.
정답과 해설 보기
making
The natural combination is make a decision; we do not say do a decision or give a decision.

추가 연습

Let the sentence frame help

In the sentence “The trainer explained the rule clearly”, why is “clearly” used?

Clearly is an adverb describing how the trainer explained the rule.

Clear is an adjective and clarity is a noun. The verb phrase needs a word describing the manner of explaining here.

Choose the word that fits

1
Please send us a brief ____ of the delivery problem.
정답과 해설 보기
description
After a brief, the sentence needs a noun. Description names the account of the problem; describe is a verb, descriptive an adjective and described a past form.
2
The volunteers worked ____ to finish the display before noon.
정답과 해설 보기
efficiently
The adverb efficiently describes how the volunteers worked. The noun and adjective forms cannot describe the verb worked.
3
The ground-floor studio is ____ for wheelchair users.
정답과 해설 보기
suitable
After is, an adjective describes the studio. Suitable means right for that purpose; the adverb, noun and verb forms do not fit this frame.

Write a clear training note

Choose your workshop

Bicycle maintenance, photo scanning, or community cooking.
Choose one explanation or instruction participants need.
Choose how an action should be performed and one genuine requirement.

Writing task

Write in your own notes.
Use a noun for the information, an adverb for manner, and an adjective for the requirement.
Explain the sentence clue for one choice; alternatives are welcome if grammar and meaning fit.

Follow time and participants

In the first model, why is “had checked” used?

The check was complete before the visitors arrived.

Both actions are in the past; the earlier completed action uses the past perfect to make their order clear.

Strategy

A completed action before another past action can use had + past participle.
Since plus a starting point links an ongoing situation to when it began.
Choose the pronoun form for its role: subject, object or possession.
Make the person or group referred to clear.

Time models

Before the visitors arrived, the team had checked the emergency exit.
The centre has offered evening workshops since April.

Reference model

The trainer welcomed the assistants and asked them to prepare the tables.
Them is the object of asked and refers to the assistants.

Keep the timeline and reference clear

1
When the manager called the supplier, the parcel ____ already left the warehouse.
정답과 해설 보기
had
The parcel left before the past phone call, so the earlier completed action uses the past perfect: had already left.
2
The interns forgot ____ badges, so reception printed new ones.
정답과 해설 보기
their
Their is the possessive form before a noun (their badges). Them is an object, they a subject, and theirs stands alone without a noun.
3
The café has been closed on Mondays ____ the new manager arrived.
정답과 해설 보기
since
Since introduces the starting point (when the new manager arrived) of a situation that continues now. For needs a length of time, during needs a noun, and until gives an end point that does not fit the present perfect here.

Explain a project timeline

Project choices

An exhibition, a staff induction, or a weekend course.
Choose two completed past actions and decide which happened first.
Choose an activity that began in a month you select and still continues.
Choose two people or groups with clear responsibilities.

Your update

Write three or four connected sentences in your own notes.
Use had + past participle where it clarifies the earlier action.
Use since with the starting point and a pronoun whose reference is clear.

Learn useful combinations in context

Why is “confirm the booking” useful after receiving payment?

It tells the customer that the reservation is agreed and in place.

Confirm fits the intended communication action; a similar-looking verb is not enough.

Strategy

Some words commonly work together: make a decision, confirm a booking.
Check the relationship after an adjective: responsible for a task.
Use the whole situation to distinguish similar-looking verbs.
A natural combination must also express the intended action.

Complete contextual models

We must make a decision before we order the tables.
The host is responsible for checking the room.
Please confirm the booking after you receive the payment.

Meanings

Make a decision: choose what to do.
Responsible for: having the duty to do a task.
Confirm a booking: state that the reservation is agreed and in place.

Choose a natural combination

1
We must ____ the deadline for the grant application.
정답과 해설 보기
meet
Meet a deadline is the natural combination for finishing something in time.
2
All visitors must comply ____ the safety rules in the workshop.
정답과 해설 보기
with
Comply with introduces the rules that must be followed.
3
Please ____ an order for twenty folding chairs before Friday.
정답과 해설 보기
place
Place an order means ask a supplier to provide goods. The other verbs do not combine with order in this meaning.

Agree duties and confirm a plan

Choose your event

A workshop, guest talk, or equipment demonstration.
Make one decision about the venue or date.
Assign a preparation task to each person.
Decide what must happen before the booking is confirmed.

Confirmation message

Write three or four sentences of your own.
Use make a decision, responsible for, and confirm in relevant contexts.
Check that the message clearly explains the agreed plan.

Word forms, time and collocations in the report

1
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
“By lunchtime I ______ almost everything,” she remembers.
정답과 해설 보기
had forgotten
The forgetting happened before a past point (lunchtime), so we use the past perfect: had + past participle (forgotten).
2
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
“The only thing I could recall ______ was where the coffee was.”
정답과 해설 보기
clearly
An adverb (clearly) describes how she could recall. Clear is an adjective and clarity is a noun.
3
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
When Farah was made responsible ______ the program, she decided to find out what new staff actually needed.
정답과 해설 보기
for
The fixed combination is responsible for + noun or -ing: responsible for the program.
4
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
One receptionist had confirmed guest bookings for three months before anyone noticed that she ______ a required payment check.
정답과 해설 보기
had skipped
She skipped the check before anyone noticed, so the earlier past action uses had + past participle.
5
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
Attendance at the first safety session is ______; the others can be moved to fit the work schedule.
정답과 해설 보기
compulsory
After be, an adjective describes the requirement: compulsory means required.
6
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
The hotels have used the new system ______ last April, and the early results are encouraging.
정답과 해설 보기
since
Since + a starting point (last April) goes with the present perfect. For needs a period, and ago goes after a period.
7
Choose the words that complete the sentence from the text.
She is currently ______ a decision about whether to shorten the program for roles with fewer procedures, and she has asked the company to recognize the trainers’ contribution in their annual reviews.
정답과 해설 보기
making
The natural combination is make a decision; we do not say do a decision or give a decision.

이 단원 배우기

어떻게 배우고 싶나요?

계정이 있나요?

무료 계정은 한 단원을 계속 열어 둘 수 있습니다.

Part 5는 어떻게 구성되나요?

Part 5에는 업무 상황의 문장 30개가 나오며, 각 문장에 빈칸 하나와 선택지 네 개가 있습니다. Part 5만의 제한 시간은 없습니다. 75분의 Reading 시간에 Part 5, 6, 7이 모두 들어가고, 가장 많은 시간이 필요한 것은 Part 7입니다. 선택지를 먼저 읽으세요. 문제 유형이 보입니다.

한 단어의 네 가지 형태(“describe”, “description”, “descriptive”, “described”): 품사 문제.
한 동사의 여러 시제, 또는 “since”, “for”, “ago”: 시제 문제.
서로 다른 대명사(“they”, “them”, “their”, “theirs”): 지칭 문제.
같은 품사의 서로 다른 단어 네 개(“do”, “run”, “meet”, “hold”): 어휘 문제.

품사: 문장 구조가 답을 정합니다

먼저 빈칸에 필요한 품사를 정하고, 그다음 뜻을 확인하세요. 어미가 도움이 됩니다. “-tion”, “-ment”는 주로 명사, “-ive”, “-able”은 형용사, “-ly”는 부사입니다. 다만 “friendly”와 “timely”는 형용사입니다. 대부분의 문제는 다음 네 가지 구조 중 하나입니다.

“a”, “the”, “our” 뒤(사이에 형용사가 있어도)에는 명사: “Please send us a brief description of the delivery problem.”
명사 앞에는 형용사: “The trainer gave a clear explanation.”
“be”, “seem”, “become” 뒤에는 주로 형용사: “The ground-floor studio is suitable for wheelchair users.”
동작을 어떻게 하는지 말할 때는 부사: “The volunteers worked efficiently to finish the display before noon.”

시제: 과거완료, since, for, ago

과거의 두 동작이 나오면 “had + 과거분사”가 먼저 끝난 동작을 나타냅니다. “already”나 “by + 과거 시점”이 있으면 가장 안전한 선택입니다. “When the manager called the supplier, the parcel had already left the warehouse.” “before”나 “after”가 있으면 순서가 분명하므로 단순과거도 쓸 수 있습니다.

과거에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 상황에는 현재완료를 씁니다. “since” 뒤에는 시작 시점, “for” 뒤에는 기간이 오고, “ago”는 단순과거와 함께 씁니다. ‘4월부터 여기서 일하고 있어요’를 그대로 옮기면 “I am working here from April”이 되기 쉽습니다. 맞는 문장은 “I have worked here since April”입니다.

“The centre has offered evening workshops since April.”
“The hotels have used the new system for six months.”
“The new system started six months ago.”

대명사: 역할과 지칭

문장 안에서의 역할에 맞는 형태를 고르고, 가리키는 사람이나 집단이 분명한지 확인하세요.

목적어: “The trainer welcomed the assistants and asked them to prepare the tables.”
명사 앞: “The interns forgot their badges, so reception printed new ones.”
명사 없이 단독으로: “The blue folders are ours; the red ones are theirs.”

콜로케이션: 의도한 동작을 나타내는 단어

어휘 문제는 선택지의 품사가 같아서 문법만으로는 답을 정할 수 없습니다. 짝이 되는 단어와 자연스럽게 어울리고 의도한 동작을 나타내는 단어를 고르세요. 결제가 확인되면 “confirm the booking”이라고 합니다. 예약이 확정되었다고 고객에게 알리는 표현이기 때문입니다. ‘결정을 하다’의 ‘하다’ 때문에 “do a decision”이라고 하기 쉽지만, 맞는 표현은 “make a decision”입니다.

“make a decision”: “We must make a decision before we order the tables.”
“meet a deadline”, “place an order”: “Please place an order for twenty folding chairs before Friday.”
“comply with”, “responsible for” + 명사 또는 동명사: “The host is responsible for checking the room.”
“attend a meeting”(“to” 없이), “discuss a plan”(“about” 없이). ‘회의에 참석하다’의 ‘에’ 때문에 “to”를 붙이기 쉽습니다.

나에게 맞는 방법으로 이 단원 배우기

쓰기와 말하기에도 활용하기

같은 선택이 내 메시지를 분명하게 만들고, TOEIC Writing의 이메일 문제에서도 중요합니다. 아래와 같은 확인 메시지를 내 행사에 맞게 써 보고, 명사, 시간 표현, 대명사를 하나씩 확인하세요.

그다음 1분 동안 소리 내어 답해 보세요. 직장 교육 중 무엇은 필수여야 하고 무엇은 선택이어야 할까요? 유용한 시작 표현: “… should definitely be compulsory, because…”, “It makes sense to make … optional.”

“We have made a decision about the venue. Priya is responsible for booking the room, and I will confirm the booking once the deposit has been paid.”

Part 5에서 흔한 실수

쉬운 점수를 잃게 하는 다섯 가지 습관입니다.

빈칸 앞까지만 읽는 것. 단서는 빈칸 뒤에 있는 경우가 많습니다.
부사가 필요한 자리에 형용사를 쓰는 것: “worked efficient”.
“since”를 기간과 함께 쓰거나(“since three months”), 끝난 시점과 현재완료를 함께 쓰는 것(“has left yesterday”).
“responsible of”, “comply to”, “discuss about”이라고 쓰는 것.
“their”, “them”, “theirs”를 역할이 아니라 소리로 고르는 것.

20분 Part 5 루틴

한 번에 오래 하는 것보다 매일 짧게 하는 것이 낫습니다.

8분: 사전 없이 시간을 재며 Part 5 15문항.
5분: 틀린 문제마다 품사, 시제, 대명사, 어휘 중 무엇인지 표시하기.
5분: 고친 문장을 오답 노트에 옮겨 적고, 같은 패턴으로 새 문장 하나 쓰기.
2분: 어제의 오답 노트를 소리 내어 읽기. 며칠에 한 번은 예전 오답을 다시 풀기.

다음 단계

한 문장 단위가 안정되면, 단서가 앞뒤 문장에 있을 수 있는 Part 6으로, 그다음 Part 7로 넘어가세요. 오답 노트는 계속 쓰세요. 같은 습관이 모든 파트에서 다시 나타납니다.

자주 묻는 질문

TOEIC Reading Part 5는 몇 문항인가요?

30문항입니다. 각 문항은 빈칸 하나와 선택지 네 개가 있는 한 문장이며, Part 5는 75분의 Reading 시간을 Part 6, 7과 함께 씁니다.

TOEIC Part 5에서 문장 전체를 읽어야 하나요?

네, 답을 표시하기 전에 읽으세요. 품사 문제는 빈칸 주변이 답을 정하는 경우가 많지만, 시제, 대명사, 어휘 문제는 단서가 문장 어디에나 있을 수 있습니다.

since와 for는 어떻게 다른가요?

“since”는 시작 시점(“since April”), “for”는 기간(“for three months”)과 함께 씁니다. 지금도 계속되는 상황이라면 둘 다 현재완료와 함께 씁니다.

다음 연습 살펴보기

Flalingo는 TOEIC을 운영하는 기관과 제휴 관계가 없으며 해당 기관의 보증을 받지 않습니다.