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英語の練習

Some、any、much、manyの使い分け:学校の食堂への短い提案を英語で書く(A2 Key Part 6)

Bakery Friday: fresh bread, sandwiches and fruit in the canteen, with happy students.

“I think we should … because …”で食堂への25〜40語の提案を書き、some、any、much、manyと食べ物の単語を正しく使う方法。A2 Key、A2 Key for Schools、11〜15歳向け。

学校の食べ物についての短い提案メッセージに必要なのは4つです。あいさつ(“Dear Mr Ross,”)、はっきりしたアイデアを1つ(“I think we should have a fruit day.”)、“because”で伝える理由、そして自分の名前。よくある間違いは食べ物の単語で起こります。“a bread”ではなく“some bread”、否定文と疑問文には“any”、牛乳には“much”、卵には“many”です。A2 KeyとA2 Key for Schoolsのリーディング・ライティングPart 6(25語以上)のよい練習になります。この記事は、A2レベルで11〜15歳くらいの生徒向けです。

この記事が向いている人

  • A2 KeyやA2 Key for Schoolsの準備をしている、11〜15歳くらいの生徒。
  • 食べ物の単語は知っているのに、書くときに“some”と“any”、“much”と“many”を混同してしまう生徒。
  • 保護者の方へ:英語が得意でなくても手伝えます。一緒に冷蔵庫を開けて、“some”“any”“a lot of”を使った文を3つ言ってもらいましょう。
  • まだ早い場合:短いメールを書くことにまだ慣れていないなら、泊まりに来る友だちに家を紹介するメールのガイド(A2 Key Part 6)から始めましょう。
  • 簡単すぎる場合:100語ほどの記事で自分の意見をもう書けるなら、スクリーンの使い方についてバランスのよい記事を書くB1のガイドに進みましょう。

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単語カード

eggegg

a round food from a chicken; it has a hard outside

Mr Haddad needs a lot of eggs for his cakes.

milkmilk

a white drink from cows

Amara's brothers drink a lot of milk.

menumenu

a list of the food and drinks you can buy in a cafe or restaurant, with the prices

Look at the menu. How much is an egg sandwich?

会話

Examiner You will hear Amara talking to Mrs Dunn, the canteen manager, about food at school.

Amara Thank you for this interview, Mrs Dunn. Why isn't there any fresh bread in the canteen now?

Woman Some people think students don't like bread, but that isn't true. They love it! And the bakery near the school is still open. The problem is money. Fresh bread is too expensive for us now.

Amara How much money does the canteen have for each student's lunch?

Woman Two pounds. Last year it was three pounds. And a cheese sandwich with fresh bread costs us one pound fifty to make.

Amara So what do students buy now?

Woman We sell a lot of biscuits, but most students buy crisps. There's some fruit too, but not many students choose it.

Amara What would you like to sell?

Woman Not soup. Students don't eat much soup. And we've got salad already. I'd really like to sell cheese sandwiches with fresh bread again.

Amara Can The Loop help? We could ask the students what they want.

Woman Everyone wants bread, Amara! You don't need to ask them. Talk to a bakery first. Then talk to the head teacher.

Amara Good idea. First, I'll ask Zara's dad. He has a bakery!

文の形

Write to the head teacher about a healthy food idea.

Dear Mr Bramley, Thanks for Bakery Friday! I think we should have a fruit day on Wednesdays. There isn't much fruit on the menu, and a lot of students want more, because it's healthy. Best wishes, Amara

Amara's message has 37 words. It says thank you, gives one idea, gives a reason and ends with her name.

  • Dear Mr Bramley,
  • I think we should …
  • because …
  • Best wishes,

追加の練習

The bakery list

Zara interviews her dad at Haddad's Bakery while Kai films Amara's taste test. A cat is sleeping in the bread basket.

Zara Dad, how much bread do you make every day?

Mr Haddad A lot of bread! We start at four o'clock in the morning.

Zara How many eggs do you need?

Mr Haddad Not many for bread. But we need a lot of eggs for the cakes.

Zara Is there any sugar in our bread?

Mr Haddad Only a little. There's some salt and some butter, but there isn't much sugar.

Zara Are there any sandwiches for the taste test?

Mr Haddad Not yet. We haven't got any cheese! Can you buy some?

Is there any cheese?

No, there isn't any cheese, but there's some butter.

Use some in + sentences. Use any in – sentences and questions. We also use some when we ask for things: Can I have some milk?

Countable: a / an, many

  • an egg → some eggs
  • a sandwich → two sandwiches
  • How many eggs? Not many.

Uncountable: much, no a / an, no -s

  • some bread, some butter, some sugar
  • How much sugar? Not much.
  • NOT: a bread, two breads

some and any

  • + There's some salt. There are some eggs.
  • – There isn't any cheese. There aren't any sandwiches.
  • ? Is there any sugar? Are there any biscuits?

a lot of: countable and uncountable

  • a lot of eggs
  • a lot of bread

Say your idea

Bakery Friday: fresh bread, sandwiches and fruit in the canteen, with happy students.

Zara What's your idea for the canteen?

Amara I think we should have a fruit day, because fruit is healthy.

What's your idea for the canteen?

I think we should have a fruit day, because fruit is healthy.

Say your idea with I think we should … and give a reason with because.

Start and finish

  • Dear Mr Bramley,
  • Best wishes, + your name

Your idea

  • I think we should …
  • Could the canteen sell …?

Your reason

  • … because it's healthy / fresh / delicious.
  • There isn't any … now, and a lot of students want some.

Check your message

There isn't some fresh fruit on the menu.

There isn't any fresh fruit on the menu.

Use any in – sentences.

Check

  • some in + sentences: We want some fruit.
  • any in – sentences and questions: There isn't any salad.
  • no a / an or -s with bread, butter, fruit, milk
  • much + uncountable, many + countable
この単元を学ぶ
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よい提案メッセージとは?

よい提案は短くて丁寧です。アイデアを1つ、はっきりした理由を1つ。A2 Keyのリーディング・ライティングPart 6では、3つのポイントを入れた25語以上のメールやメモを書きます。下は、その形式で私たちが作った課題です。

  • “Your school wants ideas for the canteen. Write a message to your head teacher, Mr Ross.”
  • “Suggest one new food or drink.”
  • “Say why it is a good idea.”
  • “Say which day it could be on the menu.”
  • “Write 25 words or more.”

アイデアと理由を伝える表現

“should”“could”“can”の後の動詞には“to”も“-s”もつきません。同じ表現は、ペアの相手に好きなものとその理由を話すA2 KeyスピーキングPart 2でも役立ちます。

  • アイデア:“I think we should have a fruit day.”、“I think the canteen should sell soup.”
  • ていねいな質問:“Could the canteen sell fresh bread?”
  • 理由:“because it’s healthy”、“because students love it”

モデルメッセージを1行ずつ

あいさつと結びを含めて38語です。

  • “Dear Mr Ross,” → あいさつ:“Dear”、敬称、名字。
  • “I think the canteen should sell fruit salad.” → ポイント1:アイデアを1つ。
  • “There isn’t any fruit on the menu now, and a lot of students want some because it’s healthy.” → ポイント2:理由。“any”“a lot of”“some”が入っています。
  • “Could we have it on Mondays?” → ポイント3:曜日を、ていねいな質問で。
  • “Best wishes, Deniz” → 結びと名前。

数えられる?数えられない?注意したい食べ物の単語

数えられる名詞には複数形があります:an egg、two eggs。数えられない名詞には“a/an”も“-s”もつきません。“a bread”や“breads”ではなく“some bread”です。日本語では「パン2個」と数えられるので、この間違いがとても多いです。数えるときは、「1杯」「1本」「1切れ」のような助数詞と同じように、量や入れ物を表す言葉を前に置きます。

  • 数えられる名詞:egg, sandwich, biscuit, apple, vegetable, snack
  • 数えられない名詞:bread, butter, cheese, milk, sugar, salt, water, juice, rice, pasta, fruit
  • 量と入れ物:a piece of bread, a glass of milk, a bottle of water, a packet of crisps, a box of biscuits
  • “Fruit”はふつう数えられません:“some fruit”、“a piece of fruit”。りんご1個は“an apple”です。
自分に合った方法でこの単元を学ぶ

Some、any、much、many、a lot of

日本語の「たくさん」は、much、many、a lot ofのどれにもなります。英語では、名詞が数えられるかどうかと文の種類を見て選びます。「全然ない」にはふつう“any”を使います:「パンが全然ない。」→“There isn’t any bread.” 下の録音では、学校の食堂の責任者が生徒の質問に答えています。“not many students”(複数)と“much soup”(数えられない)に注目して聞きましょう。

  • 肯定文、すすめるとき、頼むときは“some”:“There are some eggs.” “Can I have some milk?”
  • 否定文と疑問文には“any”:“There isn’t any bread.” “Are there any biscuits?”
  • 数えられない名詞には“much”、主に否定文と疑問文で:“How much sugar?”
  • 複数名詞には“many”:“How many eggs?” “Not many students eat soup.”
  • どちらにも“a lot of”、特に肯定文で:“We eat much bread.”ではなく“We eat a lot of bread.”

Student So what do students buy now?

Canteen manager We sell a lot of biscuits, but most students buy crisps. There's some fruit too, but not many students choose it.

Student What would you like to sell?

Canteen manager Not soup. Students don't eat much soup. And we've got salad already. I'd really like to sell cheese sandwiches with fresh bread again.

よくある間違いと直し方

書き終えたら探してみましょう(矢印の前が間違い、後ろが正しい形)。日本語には冠詞がなく、名詞もふつう複数形にしないので、“two egg”や“a lot of student”と書きがちです。理由だけを1文にするのも避けましょう。“Because it’s cheap.”はアイデアの文につなげます。

  • “Can I have a bread?” → “Can I have some bread?”
  • “There isn’t some fruit on the menu.” → “There isn’t any fruit on the menu.”
  • “How many sugar do you want?” → “How much sugar do you want?”
  • “I think we should to sell soup.” → “I think we should sell soup.”
  • “because of it’s healthy” → “because it’s healthy”

10分間の練習ルーティン

この課題を10分で書きましょう。計画2分、書く時間6分、見直し2分です。

  • “Your class is planning a healthy snack table. Write a note to your teacher, Ms Patel. Suggest one snack, say why and say one food the table shouldn’t have. Write 25 words or more.”
  • チェック1:アイデアが1つ、“because”を使った理由が1つ、3つ目のポイントがありますか?
  • チェック2:否定文と疑問文に“any”を使いましたか?
  • チェック3:bread、milk、fruitに“a”や“-s”をつけていませんか?

次のステップ

次は食べ物からスポーツへ。試合の様子を、今起きていることとして5文で伝えます。それまでは、食事のたびにお皿の上の物について“some”“any”“a lot of”で1文言ってみましょう。

よくある質問

“some”と“any”の違いは?

“some”は肯定文と、何かをすすめたり頼んだりするときに使います(“Can I have some milk?”)。“any”は否定文とたいていの疑問文で使います(“There isn’t any bread.”)。

“bread”は数えられる名詞ですか?

いいえ、数えられません。“some bread”と言い、“a bread”や“breads”は間違いです。数えるときは“a piece of bread”や“a slice of bread”と言います。

“much”と“many”はどう使い分けますか?

“much”は数えられない名詞(“How much milk?”)、“many”は複数名詞(“How many eggs?”)と使います。肯定文では、どちらも“a lot of”のほうが自然です。

Flalingoは、A2 KeyおよびB1 Preliminaryを提供するCambridge Englishと提携しておらず、同機関の承認を受けていません。

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