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英語の練習

子どもと学ぶ英語のtooとenough(A2・9~12歳):材料をくらべて衣装の修理の物語を書く

A three-part picture story: in a community hall, two children find the paper sun costume torn across its face; two neighbours help them tape it and add gold paper; one of the children wears the repaired sun in the bright parade.

9~12歳の子どもがA2レベルでtoo、enough、as … asを使えるようにしましょう。衣装の材料をくらべ、長すぎるマントが着られる長さになる短い物語を書きます。

物が目的に合わないと言うとき、英語では形容詞の前に“too”を置きます:“The sack is too rough.” 合っていると言うときは、“enough”を形容詞のあとに置きます:“It is light enough to wear.” くらべるとき、“as … as”は同じくらい、“not as … as”はそれほどではないという意味です:“The cloth is not as bright as the lampshade.” このA2のテーマは、“softer than”や“the brightest”をすでに使える9~12歳くらいの子どもに向いています。最後に短い衣装の修理の物語を書きます。

この記事が向いている人

  • くらべる表現を知っている子どもの保護者:子どもが“The dog is bigger than the cat.”や“the tallest in my class”と言えます。
  • 仮装や工作、物を直すのが好きな子ども:衣装や小道具があると、“too”と“enough”を使う本当の場面が生まれます。
  • 家で練習したい保護者:家にある物がいくつかあれば十分です。このページのカードで、すべての単語と文の音声が聞けます。
  • まだ早い場合:“bigger than”や“the biggest”をまだ使えないなら、おもちゃや家族をくらべて、そこから練習しましょう。
  • 簡単すぎる場合:“The box was too heavy, so we used a lighter one.”のような文を一人で書けるなら、短い文章の中のつなぎ言葉(下のリンク)へ進みましょう。

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単語カード

spongesponge
feather dusterfeather duster
lampshadelampshade
rubber glovesrubber gloves
washing linewashing line
broombroom
sacksack
clothcloth
Is the cloth as bright as the lampshade?

Study how this model connects form with meaning.

No. It is not as bright, but it is light enough to wear.

Study how this model connects form with meaning.

The sack is too rough.

Study how this model connects form with meaning.

The sponge is as soft as the cloth.

Study how this model connects form with meaning.

The feather duster is softer than the broom.

A comparative compares two things.

The lampshade is the brightest item on the table.

A superlative compares one thing with the whole group.

会話

Nia What do you think will happen to the costume?

Leo I predict that the bright cloth will become a cape.

Nia Then Mara cuts the cloth and Amir ties the rope.

Leo Jo paints the lampshade, and Suri uses the sponge to add stars.

Nia Was your prediction correct?

Leo Yes. The cloth becomes a cape for the final scene.

文の形

Is the cloth as bright as the lampshade?

No. It is not as bright, but it is light enough to wear.

  • The sack is too rough.
  • The sponge is as soft as the cloth.

追加の練習

Use the contrast

At a costume-repair party, a sponge, feather duster, lampshade, rubber gloves, washing line, broom, sack and cloth are arranged on separate tables. Nia and Leo design costumes without wearing unsafe household equipment.

Nia Is the cloth as bright as the lampshade?

Leo No. It is not as bright, but it is light enough to wear.

Leo Can we use the sack?

Nia No. It is too rough.

Nia Is the sponge soft enough?

Leo Yes. It is as soft as the cloth.

Is the cloth as bright as the lampshade?

No. It is not as bright, but it is light enough to wear.

  • The sack is too rough.
  • The sponge is as soft as the cloth.

The sun that tore

A three-part picture story: in a community hall, Nia and Leo find the paper sun costume torn across its face; two neighbours help them tape it and add gold paper; Nia wears the repaired sun in the bright parade.

THE SUN THAT TORE

On parade morning, the paper sun costume tore right across its smiling face. Nia feared that the opening scene was ruined. Leo found some clear tape, but it was not as bright as the paper. Two neighbours added thin strips of gold paper. The repair was strong enough and light enough to carry. When the parade began, the patched sun caught the light. The accident became the costume’s best detail.

Plan aloud

A three-part picture story: in a community hall, Nia and Leo find the paper sun costume torn across its face; two neighbours help them tape it and add gold paper; Nia wears the repaired sun in the bright parade.

Nia How will your party story end?

Leo The dancers will enter together, and the audience will cheer.

Leo What is the problem in your story?

Nia The silver cape is too long.

How will your party story end?

The music started, but the silver cape was too long. The two friends folded it and fixed it with cloth tape. It was short enough to wear safely. The dancers entered together, and the audience cheered.

  • problem
  • repair action
  • too/enough
  • resolved ending

Draft and revise

A three-part picture story: in a community hall, Nia and Leo find the paper sun costume torn across its face; two neighbours help them tape it and add gold paper; Nia wears the repaired sun in the bright parade.

Nia Who will read your text?

Leo Younger readers at our library will read my story.

Leo What will you check?

Nia I will check my spelling and punctuation.

How will your party story end?

The music started, but the silver cape was too long. The two friends folded it and fixed it with cloth tape. It was short enough to wear safely. The dancers entered together, and the audience cheered.

  • problem
  • repair action
  • too/enough
  • resolved ending
この単元を学ぶ
どの方法で学びますか?

家にある物の言葉と、様子を表す言葉

何もかも戸棚から出てくる仮装パーティーを思い浮かべてください。スポンジで星をスタンプし、1枚の布がマントになります。1語だけ注意しましょう。“cloth”は布という材料で、着る服は“clothes”です。

くらべるために、反対の意味のペアも加えましょう:softとrough(やわらかい・ざらざらした)、lightとheavy(軽い・重い)、brightとdark(明るい・暗い)、longとshort(長い・短い)。

  • sponge – スポンジ
  • feather duster – 羽根のはたき
  • lampshade – ランプのかさ
  • rubber gloves – ゴム手袋
  • washing line – 物干しロープ
  • broom – ほうき
  • sack – 目のあらい布の大きな袋
  • cloth – 布(服やマントの材料)

tooとenough:その目的に合う?

“too”は目的に対して必要以上という意味で、問題があることを表します:“The sack is too rough.” “enough”は必要なだけあるという意味で、使えることを表します:“It is light enough.” “not”といっしょに使うと、足りないものを表します:“The string is not long enough.”

“too”は形容詞の前、“enough”は形容詞のあとに来ます。「長すぎる」の「すぎる」は“too”によく対応しますが、「十分軽い」の「十分」は前に来るので、子どもは“enough light”と言いがちです。目的を言うときは“to”と動詞を加えます:“too heavy to carry”(重すぎて運べない)、“light enough to wear”(着られるくらい軽い)。

  • “The cape is too long.”:問題がある
  • “It is short enough to wear safely.”:問題が解決した

as … as、-er than、the -est

“as … as”は2つが同じくらいだという意味です:“The sponge is as soft as the cloth.”(スポンジは布と同じくらいやわらかい。)“not as … as”は前のほうがそれほどではないという意味で、日本語の「~ほど…ない」にあたります。子どもはたぶん、2つをくらべる“-er than”(“The feather duster is softer than the broom.”)と、グループの中の1つを言う“the -est”(“The lampshade is the brightest item on the table.”)を知っているでしょう。

このテーマの中心となる形は、くらべることと決めることを“but”でつなぎます:“Is the cloth as bright as the lampshade?” “No. It is not as bright, but it is light enough to wear.” 布は明るさでは負けても、役目は果たせるのです。

予想して、聞いて、確かめる

聞く前に“What do you think will happen to the costume?”とたずね、子どもに“I predict that… will…”で答えてもらいましょう。それから会話を流して“Who ties the rope?”とたずね、もう一度聞いて確かめます。

予想はこれからのことなので“will”を使います。手順は、物語のあらすじを話すときのように現在形(“cuts”、“ties”)で言います。

Nia What do you think will happen to the costume?

Leo I predict that the bright cloth will become a cape.

Nia Then Mara cuts the cloth and Amir ties the rope.

Leo Jo paints the lampshade, and Suri uses the sponge to add stars.

Nia Was your prediction correct?

Leo Yes. The cloth becomes a cape for the final scene.

自分に合った方法でこの単元を学ぶ

衣装の修理の物語を書く

修理の物語は4つの部分でできています:始まり、“too”や“not … enough”で言う問題、修理、“enough”を使った結末です。年下のいとこなど、実際に読む人を決めて書きましょう。

書きかえて使えるお手本:“The music started, but the silver cape was too long. The two friends folded it and fixed it with cloth tape. It was short enough to wear safely. The dancers entered together, and the audience cheered.”

  • 計画:衣装、問題、直し方
  • 書く:“too”と“enough”を入れた過去形の4文
  • 確認:くらべる表現を1つ、大文字、ピリオド

よくある間違いと簡単な直し方

A2では自然な間違いです。正しい文で言い直して、そのまま続けましょう。

  • “It is enough light.”:“enough”は形容詞のあとです:“It is light enough.”
  • “The cape is too much long.”:“much”はいりません:“The cape is too long.”
  • “Your costume is too beautiful!”:問題がないときは“really”を使います:“Your costume is really beautiful!”
  • “too heavy for carry”:動詞の前には“to”を使います:“too heavy to carry”。
  • “as bright than”:“as bright as”か“brighter than”と言います。

家でできるあそび:衣装づくりチャレンジ

スカーフ、ふきん、紙袋、箱など、安全な物をいくつか集め、スーパーヒーローのマントなど、作る衣装を1つ決めます。子どもは物を1つずつ持って判断します:“The tea towel is too small.” “The scarf is long enough.” 保護者は“Is the bag as strong as the box?”とたずねます。

次は役を交代して、予想を加えます:“What do you think will happen to the box?” “I predict that it will become a robot head.”

次のステップ

tooとenoughが楽に使えるようになったら、つなぎ言葉で考えをつなげましょう:“The cape was too long, so we folded it.” これが、理由と結果を説明する短い説明文につながります。

よくある質問

“too”と“very”の違いは?

“very”は意味を強めるだけです:“The box is very heavy, but I can carry it.” “too”は問題があることを表します:“The box is too heavy. I can’t carry it.” 「重すぎて運べない」の「すぎる」と考えると分かりやすいでしょう。

“enough”は単語の前?それともあと?

形容詞のあと、名詞の前に来ます:“The coat is warm enough.” “We haven’t got enough coats.”

“not as bright as”と“less bright than”は同じ意味?

ほぼ同じです。日常の英語では“not as … as”のほうが自然に聞こえるので、こちらから覚えましょう。

この単元を学ぶ
どの方法で学びますか?

次は何をしましょうか?

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