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英語の練習

TOEFL iBT Readingの“Read in Daily Life”：お知らせと変更連絡を細部を落とさずに組み合わせる方法

Two adults compare everyday messages at a library desk.

2026年に導入されたTOEFL iBTの形式にある“Read in Daily Life”の解き方：変更連絡が変えた点は差し替え、変えていない点は残す、unlessやonly ifなどの条件語を読む、メールの目的を推測する。B1以上の受験者向け。

TOEFL iBTの“Read in Daily Life”では、お知らせやメールのような短い日常の文章を読み、多肢選択式の問題に答えます。お知らせのあとに変更連絡が届いたら、すべての情報を三つに分けましょう。変更連絡が差し替えたもの、変わらないと確認したもの、触れていないので今も有効なものです。そのうえでunless、only if、byのような条件語を確かめます。この記事は2026年に導入されたTOEFL iBTの形式に基づき、中級（B1）以上の受験者に向けて書きました。

この記事が向いている人

  • 2026年に導入されたTOEFL iBTの形式に向けて準備し、Readingセクションの短い日常の文章に使える解き方がほしい受験者。
  • お知らせは理解できても細部で答えを落とす方。新しい部屋ではなく元の部屋を選んだり、“unless”のあとの例外を見落としたりする場合です。
  • 実際のメールや予約、予定の変更に使える実用的な英語も身につけたい方。
  • まだ早い：短いお知らせの語彙でまだ読むのに時間がかかる場合（A2程度）は、先に語彙と語形を固めましょう。“Complete the Words”から始めるのがおすすめです（下のリンク）。
  • 簡単すぎる：お知らせと変更連絡を細部を一つも落とさずに要約できるなら、アカデミックな文章に進みましょう（下のリンク）。

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単語カード

Personal · everyday notices

Think of a notice or rule you see almost every day but never really read. Why do you ignore it?

Useful: ‘I walk past it every day, but…’ · ‘I suppose I assume that…’ · ‘It would get my attention if…’

Personal · a missed detail

Have you ever missed a deadline, condition or exception in an email or notice? What happened?

Useful: ‘I didn’t notice that… unless…’ · ‘As a result, I had to…’ · ‘Since then, I always…’

文の形

  1. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Attention is limited, and readers learn quickly which signs can safely ______.

    答えと解説を見る

    be ignored

    The signs receive the action, so we need a passive after the modal: can + be + past participle.

  2. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    “In accordance with library policy, and with the exception of registered staff, all visitors are ______ to sign in at the front desk.”

    答えと解説を見る

    required

    Formal notices state obligation with be required to + base verb.

  3. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    “Visitors must sign in at the front desk ______ they have a staff card.”

    答えと解説を見る

    unless

    Unless means except if: staff-card holders are the exception to the rule.

  4. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Readers tend to look for the main action first; if the exception comes before the action, it ______ easily lost.

    答えと解説を見る

    is

    For something that is generally true, we use a zero conditional: if + present simple, present simple (it is easily lost).

  5. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    The finding suggests that people follow notices more readily ______ they believe others do the same.

    答えと解説を見る

    provided that

    Provided that introduces the condition that must be true: they follow notices when they believe others do.

  6. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    If a sign complains that many visitors leave litter in a park, it ______ accidentally tell readers that leaving litter is normal.

    答えと解説を見る

    may

    May expresses possibility: the paragraph describes a risk. Can’t would deny the risk, and mustn’t is a prohibition.

  7. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Such messages work ______ if the behavior they describe is the one the writer wants.

    答えと解説を見る

    only

    Only if limits the result to one condition: in this case and no other.

追加の練習

Follow Information Across Messages — worked model

Two adults compare everyday messages at a library desk.

NOTICE: The talk in East Hall begins at 6 p.m. Entry is free, but registration is required because seating is limited.

FOLLOW-UP EMAIL: You are registered for Thursday’s talk. The speaker will now join online, so the event has moved to Room 12, which has a large screen. The start time is unchanged. Please show this message at the door.

What the model shows

  • Keep the original time because the update says it is unchanged.
  • Replace East Hall with Room 12 because the later message explicitly changes the venue.
  • Registration confirms entry; free admission does not mean unlimited space.
  • Separate new information from facts that still apply.

Find the supported response

COMMUNITY GARDEN POST

Our seed exchange will take place on Sunday 10 May from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the north gate. Bring clearly labelled packets of seeds if you have them. New gardeners are welcome even if they have nothing to exchange. Volunteers will offer short demonstrations throughout the event. Please register online so we can estimate attendance.

MESSAGE TO REGISTERED VISITORS, SENT FRIDAY

Rain is forecast for Sunday, so the exchange will move to the covered courtyard beside the visitor centre. The date and opening time are unchanged. The courtyard has less space, so demonstrations will now take place at 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. instead of running continuously. Seed packets must still be labelled. The café is closed for renovation; drinking water will be available in the visitor centre. Your registration remains valid, and you do not need to complete the form again.

  1. Where will the seed exchange take place?

    答えと解説を見る

    In the covered courtyard

    The later message changes the location to the covered courtyard because rain is forecast.

  2. Which visitor may attend without bringing seeds?

    答えと解説を見る

    A new gardener with nothing to exchange

    The original post welcomes new gardeners who have nothing to exchange, and the update does not remove that permission.

  3. What should an already registered visitor do about registration?

    答えと解説を見る

    Keep the existing registration

    The follow-up explicitly says the existing registration remains valid.

Check the deeper meaning

COMMUNITY GARDEN POST

Our seed exchange will take place on Sunday 10 May from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the north gate. Bring clearly labelled packets of seeds if you have them. New gardeners are welcome even if they have nothing to exchange. Volunteers will offer short demonstrations throughout the event. Please register online so we can estimate attendance.

MESSAGE TO REGISTERED VISITORS, SENT FRIDAY

Rain is forecast for Sunday, so the exchange will move to the covered courtyard beside the visitor centre. The date and opening time are unchanged. The courtyard has less space, so demonstrations will now take place at 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. instead of running continuously. Seed packets must still be labelled. The café is closed for renovation; drinking water will be available in the visitor centre. Your registration remains valid, and you do not need to complete the form again.

  1. How has the demonstration schedule changed?

    答えと解説を見る

    There are now two stated demonstration times

    The update replaces continuous demonstrations with 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. sessions.

  2. Which requirement appears in both messages?

    答えと解説を見る

    Seed packets must be labelled

    Both messages require labels; neither requires every visitor to bring seeds or buy a drink.

  3. Which statement about Sunday is supported?

    答えと解説を見る

    The exchange still opens at 11 a.m.

    The update retains the opening time, says the café is closed and makes no claim about the only entrance.

Explain and transfer the strategy

COMMUNITY GARDEN POST

Our seed exchange will take place on Sunday 10 May from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the north gate. Bring clearly labelled packets of seeds if you have them. New gardeners are welcome even if they have nothing to exchange. Volunteers will offer short demonstrations throughout the event. Please register online so we can estimate attendance.

MESSAGE TO REGISTERED VISITORS, SENT FRIDAY

Rain is forecast for Sunday, so the exchange will move to the covered courtyard beside the visitor centre. The date and opening time are unchanged. The courtyard has less space, so demonstrations will now take place at 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. instead of running continuously. Seed packets must still be labelled. The café is closed for renovation; drinking water will be available in the visitor centre. Your registration remains valid, and you do not need to complete the form again.

Your open task

  • Give a final visitor briefing that combines the original post and the update.
  • Explain which three details you would check again before travelling.
  • Write a short reminder to a friend that changes the location without changing the date.

Find the supported response

HARBOUR COMMUNITY LIBRARY — WEEKEND COLLECTIONS

From Saturday 14 March, reserved books can be collected from the side entrance between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. The main entrance will be closed for repairs on Saturdays, but weekday opening arrangements will stay the same.

Please wait for a collection message before travelling to the library. A reservation confirmation alone does not mean that a book is ready. Bring your membership card or the collection code from your message. If you cannot visit, another person may collect the books for you by showing that code. Uncollected books will be held until the following Friday. To keep them longer, contact the library before that deadline.

  1. Where should a reader go for a Saturday collection?

    答えと解説を見る

    The side entrance

    The notice directs Saturday collections to the side entrance; the main entrance is closed for repairs.

  2. What must happen before the reader travels to collect a book?

    答えと解説を見る

    A collection message must arrive

    The notice explicitly distinguishes a collection message from a reservation confirmation.

  3. Which item could another person use to collect the books?

    答えと解説を見る

    The collection code

    Another person may collect by showing the code from the collection message.

Check the deeper meaning

HARBOUR COMMUNITY LIBRARY — WEEKEND COLLECTIONS

From Saturday 14 March, reserved books can be collected from the side entrance between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. The main entrance will be closed for repairs on Saturdays, but weekday opening arrangements will stay the same.

Please wait for a collection message before travelling to the library. A reservation confirmation alone does not mean that a book is ready. Bring your membership card or the collection code from your message. If you cannot visit, another person may collect the books for you by showing that code. Uncollected books will be held until the following Friday. To keep them longer, contact the library before that deadline.

  1. What has changed for weekday visitors?

    答えと解説を見る

    Nothing in the stated opening arrangements

    The notice says weekday opening arrangements stay the same; the Saturday window is not a weekday rule.

  2. What should a reader do to extend the holding period?

    答えと解説を見る

    Contact the library before Friday

    The final sentence instructs readers to contact the library before the Friday deadline.

  3. Why is the difference between the two messages explained?

    答えと解説を見る

    To prevent readers travelling before a book is ready

    A reservation does not establish readiness; waiting for collection confirmation avoids an unnecessary trip.

Explain and transfer the strategy

HARBOUR COMMUNITY LIBRARY — WEEKEND COLLECTIONS

From Saturday 14 March, reserved books can be collected from the side entrance between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. The main entrance will be closed for repairs on Saturdays, but weekday opening arrangements will stay the same.

Please wait for a collection message before travelling to the library. A reservation confirmation alone does not mean that a book is ready. Bring your membership card or the collection code from your message. If you cannot visit, another person may collect the books for you by showing that code. Uncollected books will be held until the following Friday. To keep them longer, contact the library before that deadline.

Your open task

  • Explain the collection procedure to someone who has only received a reservation confirmation.
  • Describe two ways the notice prevents a wasted journey.
  • Suggest a clearer sentence for one instruction while preserving its meaning.

Read the Relationship Behind an Email — worked model

Two adults compare everyday messages at a library desk.

To: active volunteers

Subject: Choose your next shift

Thank you for helping at last month’s community festival. We are planning a smaller event in June and would love to work with you again. This message goes to returning volunteers; first-time applicants should use the public application form. Choose one of the listed shifts by Thursday. Your earlier registration details will remain on file, but please update any contact information that has changed.

What the model shows

  • Returning, again and earlier registration show an existing relationship.
  • The main action is choosing a shift; thanking volunteers creates a friendly opening.
  • A first-time applicant belongs to a different audience and follows a different route.
  • An inference should connect these clues, not invent a volunteer’s personal history.

Find the supported response

To: Lena Ortiz

From: Hillview Language Club

Subject: Your membership invitation

Dear Lena,

Thank you for attending our open conversation evening last week. We enjoyed hearing your suggestions about a weekend group. You do not need to become a member to attend another open evening, but membership includes access to the weekly discussion circles and our online reading archive.

For the next seven days, people who attended last week’s event can join at a reduced first-month fee. This offer is not available through the ordinary sign-up page. Reply to this email and we will send you a personal registration link. Please note that the weekend group is still being planned; we cannot promise its starting date yet.

Best wishes,

The Hillview team

  1. What is the main purpose of this email?

    答えと解説を見る

    To invite an event participant to join the club

    The email invites Lena to membership after an open evening and explains how to receive a special registration link.

  2. What can be inferred about Lena?

    答えと解説を見る

    She took part in an open conversation evening

    The opening thanks Lena for attending; nothing states that she is already a member or has paid.

  3. Which activity can Lena attend without membership?

    答えと解説を見る

    Another open conversation evening

    The email explicitly permits another open evening without joining, then lists the two membership benefits.

Check the deeper meaning

To: Lena Ortiz

From: Hillview Language Club

Subject: Your membership invitation

Dear Lena,

Thank you for attending our open conversation evening last week. We enjoyed hearing your suggestions about a weekend group. You do not need to become a member to attend another open evening, but membership includes access to the weekly discussion circles and our online reading archive.

For the next seven days, people who attended last week’s event can join at a reduced first-month fee. This offer is not available through the ordinary sign-up page. Reply to this email and we will send you a personal registration link. Please note that the weekend group is still being planned; we cannot promise its starting date yet.

Best wishes,

The Hillview team

  1. How can Lena obtain the reduced fee?

    答えと解説を見る

    Reply to request a personal registration link

    The offer is not available through the ordinary sign-up page; replying triggers a personal link.

  2. What does the email establish about the weekend group?

    答えと解説を見る

    Its start date has not been confirmed

    The group is still being planned and no starting date is promised; seven days refers to the fee offer.

  3. Why does the team mention Lena’s suggestion?

    答えと解説を見る

    To acknowledge her contribution at the earlier event

    The reference creates a personal connection and acknowledges feedback; it does not assign leadership or promise a schedule.

Explain and transfer the strategy

To: Lena Ortiz

From: Hillview Language Club

Subject: Your membership invitation

Dear Lena,

Thank you for attending our open conversation evening last week. We enjoyed hearing your suggestions about a weekend group. You do not need to become a member to attend another open evening, but membership includes access to the weekly discussion circles and our online reading archive.

For the next seven days, people who attended last week’s event can join at a reduced first-month fee. This offer is not available through the ordinary sign-up page. Reply to this email and we will send you a personal registration link. Please note that the weekend group is still being planned; we cannot promise its starting date yet.

Best wishes,

The Hillview team

Your open task

  • Explain what the email establishes about Lena and what remains unknown.
  • Give a concise spoken summary of the offer, the action and the deadline.
  • Draft a polite two-sentence reply asking one useful question without assuming a weekend start date.

Conditions and requirements in the passage

  1. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Attention is limited, and readers learn quickly which signs can safely ______.

    答えと解説を見る

    be ignored

    The signs receive the action, so we need a passive after the modal: can + be + past participle.

  2. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    “In accordance with library policy, and with the exception of registered staff, all visitors are ______ to sign in at the front desk.”

    答えと解説を見る

    required

    Formal notices state obligation with be required to + base verb.

  3. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    “Visitors must sign in at the front desk ______ they have a staff card.”

    答えと解説を見る

    unless

    Unless means except if: staff-card holders are the exception to the rule.

  4. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Readers tend to look for the main action first; if the exception comes before the action, it ______ easily lost.

    答えと解説を見る

    is

    For something that is generally true, we use a zero conditional: if + present simple, present simple (it is easily lost).

  5. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    The finding suggests that people follow notices more readily ______ they believe others do the same.

    答えと解説を見る

    provided that

    Provided that introduces the condition that must be true: they follow notices when they believe others do.

  6. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    If a sign complains that many visitors leave litter in a park, it ______ accidentally tell readers that leaving litter is normal.

    答えと解説を見る

    may

    May expresses possibility: the paragraph describes a risk. Can’t would deny the risk, and mustn’t is a prohibition.

  7. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Such messages work ______ if the behavior they describe is the one the writer wants.

    答えと解説を見る

    only

    Only if limits the result to one condition: in this case and no other.

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アカウントをお持ちですか？

無料アカウントで1つの単元をずっと開いておけます。

どんな問題か

“Read in Daily Life”は、2026年に導入されたTOEFL iBTの形式でReadingセクションの一部です。お知らせやメールのような短い日常の文章を読み、多肢選択式の問題に答えます。次の四種類の問いに備えましょう。

  • 詳細：どこで、いつ、何を持っていくか。
  • 条件：先に何が必要か、だれが例外か。
  • 目的：なぜ、だれに送られたメッセージか。
  • 推測：はっきり書かれてはいないが、文章が裏づけていること。

お知らせと変更連絡：差し替える、残す、加える

予定は変わります。お知らせがイベントを告知し、そのあとのメールで会場が移ります。変更連絡をまったく新しいお知らせとして読まず、情報を一つずつ仕分けましょう。

  • お知らせ：“The talk in East Hall begins at 6 p.m. Entry is free, but registration is required because seating is limited.”
  • フォローアップのメール：“You are registered for Thursday’s talk. The speaker will now join online, so the event has moved to Room 12, which has a large screen. The start time is unchanged. Please show this message at the door.”
  • 差し替える：East HallではなくRoom 12。
  • 残す：午後6時。開始時刻は変わらないと書かれているからです。
  • 残す：事前登録。入場無料は、席に限りがないという意味ではありません。
  • 加える：入口でメッセージを見せる。
  • 最終的な予定：木曜日、午後6時、Room 12。

解いてみよう：雨で会場が変わった種の交換会

元のお知らせ：5月10日（日）午前11時から午後2時まで、北門、実演は開催中ずっと。そのあと、次の変更連絡が届きます。

  • “Rain is forecast for Sunday, so the exchange will move to the covered courtyard beside the visitor centre. The date and opening time are unchanged. The courtyard has less space, so demonstrations will now take place at 11:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. instead of running continuously.”
交換会は日曜日、どこで何時に始まりますか？

答えを決める条件語

必要条件や例外を問う問題では、小さな語一つで答えが決まることがよくあります。

  • unlessは「〜でない限り」：“Visitors must sign in at the front desk unless they have a staff card.” スタッフカードを持つ人が例外です。
  • only ifは「この場合に限り、ほかの場合は当てはまらない」：“Such messages work only if the behavior they describe is the one the writer wants.”
  • be required to＋動詞の原形は、お知らせでよく使われる改まったmust：“all visitors are required to sign in at the front desk”。
  • byは「〜までに」（期限）、untilは「〜まで」（継続）：“Choose one of the listed shifts by Thursday.” “Uncollected books will be held until the following Friday.”
自分に合った方法でこの単元を学ぶ

メールの目的を読む

目的を問う問題では推測が必要ですが、どの推測にも手がかりが要ります。ボランティアに送られたメールを見てみましょう。

  • “This message goes to returning volunteers; first-time applicants should use the public application form. Choose one of the listed shifts by Thursday.”
  • 手がかり：“returning”から、読み手が以前にも手伝ったことがわかります。いちばん求められている行動は、木曜日までにシフトを選ぶことです。
  • 限界：メールに“we cannot promise its starting date yet”とあれば、確実に言えるのは開始日がまだわからないということだけです。

よくある間違い

答えを落とす原因の多くは、難しい単語ではなく二つの文章の混同です。日本語では「スタッフカードをお持ちでない限り、受付で記帳してください」のように条件が主節の前に来ます。英語のお知らせでは“unless”が指示のあと、文の最後に来ることが多いので、文を最後まで読みましょう。

  • 変更連絡がくり返していない事前登録などの情報を捨てる。
  • 変更連絡が差し替えた古い情報のままにする：北門。
  • 数字を混同する：実演の時刻は開始時刻ではありません。
  • もっともらしいが文章が裏づけていない答えを選ぶ：カフェが閉まっているのに、カフェの飲み物を期待する。
  • “unless”を“if”のように読む。

メッセージのペアで行う試験対策

1日15分、予約とその変更のような実際のメッセージのペアで練習しましょう。

  • 最初の文章で、時刻、場所、行動、条件に印をつける。
  • 変更連絡の情報一つひとつに「変更」「変わらず」「新規」のラベルをつける。
  • 3行の要約を書き、声に出して言う。
  • 問題に答え、それぞれの答えを裏づける文を指し示す。
  • 週に1回、ふだん読み飛ばしているお知らせについて声に出して説明する：“I walk past it every day, but…”

次のステップ

二つのメッセージを細部を一つも落とさずに要約できるようになったら、アカデミックな文章に進みましょう。リスニングで最も適切な応答を選ぶ問題も、実際に言われたことに応じるという同じ習慣を鍛えます。

よくある質問

TOEFL iBTの“Read in Daily Life”とは何ですか？

2026年に導入されたTOEFL iBTの形式にあるReadingの問題です。お知らせやメールのような短い日常の文章を読み、多肢選択式の問題に答えます。

お知らせと、あとから届いた変更連絡はどう組み合わせて読めばいいですか？

変更連絡が変えた部分は新しい情報を使い、それ以外はすべて元の内容を残します。

お知らせの“unless”はどういう意味ですか？

「〜でない限り」、つまり“except if”の意味です。“Visitors must sign in at the front desk unless they have a staff card”では、スタッフカードを持つ人が例外です。

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