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TOEFL iBT Reading “Read an Academic Passage”: “Why does the author mention…?” soruları nasıl cevaplanır?

Two adults discuss a research report at a campus study table.

2026’da tanıtılan TOEFL iBT biçimindeki “Read an Academic Passage” görevinde amaç soruları: bir örneğin işlevi, bulgu ile öneri ayrımı, temkinli iddialar, sınav rutini ve tipik hatalar. Orta üstü (B2) ve üstü seviyedeki okurlar için.

TOEFL iBT’deki “Read an Academic Passage” görevinde akademik bir konuda kısa bir metin okur ve onunla ilgili çoktan seçmeli soruları cevaplarsınız. Sık görülen sorulardan biri, yazarın bir örneği neden andığını sorar. Doğru cevap örneğin yalnızca içeriğini değil, gördüğü işi adlandırır: bir fikri somutlaştırmak ya da bir iddiayı sınırlamak gibi. Diğer sorular, bir çalışmanın gözlemlediği şeyi yazarlarının önerdiğinden ayırıp ayıramadığınızı ölçer. Bu yazı 2026’da tanıtılan TOEFL iBT biçimini esas alır ve orta üstü (B2) ve üstü seviyedeki adaylar için uygundur.

Bu yazı kimin için?

  • 2026’da tanıtılan TOEFL iBT biçimine hazırlanan, akademik metinleri takip eden ama “Why does the author mention…?” sorularında yanılan adaylar.
  • Kulağa doğru gelen ama fazlasını söyleyen cevapları seçen okurlar; örneğin “Tables alone caused the increase”.
  • Akademik yazının ve seminer tartışmalarının temkinli dilini de geliştiren bir okuma rutini isteyen üniversite adayları.
  • Henüz erken: Akademik bir paragrafta hâlâ her satırda sözlüğe bakıyorsanız (yaklaşık B2’nin altı), önce duyuru ve mesaj gibi daha kısa gündelik okuma görevleriyle başlayıp sonra dönün.
  • Fazla kolay: Her örneğin amacını ve her çalışmanın sınırını hatasız açıklayabiliyorsanız, görevler arası okuma hatalarını gözden geçirmeye ve dinleme görevlerine geçin (aşağıdaki bağlantılar).

Örnek sayfaları açın

Örnek sayfaları açın

Kelime kartları

Personal · noise and study

Where do you study best: in silence or with some background noise? Why do you think that is?

Useful: ‘I tend to concentrate better when…’ · ‘It probably depends on the task.’ · ‘For example, when I’m…’

Personal · being understood

Think of a time you changed the way you spoke to be understood, for example in a new language or group. Did it cost you anything?

Useful: ‘I had to…, which meant that…’ · ‘It worked, but I felt…’ · ‘Looking back, I might have…’

Cümle yapısı

  1. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Birds in noisier areas tended ______ songs with a higher minimum pitch.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    to sing

    Tend is followed by to + base verb: tended to sing.

  2. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    The explanation seems ______: by raising the lowest notes of their songs, birds move their signal away from the low rumble of traffic

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    straightforward

    Seem works like be: it is followed by an adjective, not an adverb.

  3. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    The comparison with human speech is useful, but it may also ______ misleading.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    be

    A modal verb such as may is followed by the base form without to: may be.

  4. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    These explanations are not mutually exclusive, and it is likely ______ more than one operates in some populations.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    that

    It is likely is followed by a that-clause with its own subject and verb.

  5. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    In some species, lower-pitched songs appear ______ more attractive to females

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    to be

    Appear is followed by to + base verb: appear to be.

  6. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    In some species, lower-pitched songs appear to be more attractive to females, ______ because only larger or healthier males can produce them.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    possibly

    An adverb modifies the whole because-clause and marks it as one possible reason.

  7. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Urban birds clearly change the way they sing, and noise is very ______ one of the reasons.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    likely

    Very likely here means probably; it limits how strongly the author claims noise is a cause.

  8. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Whether that change represents a successful adaptation, a costly compromise or both is still ______ debated.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    being

    Is still being + past participle is the present continuous passive: the debate is going on now.

Diğer alıştırmalar

Explain Why an Example Is There — worked model

Two adults discuss a research report at a campus study table.

A reading club once gave new members a long list of rules, and few people remembered them. The club replaced the list with three illustrated situations. A concrete example is a specific case that makes a general idea easier to understand. In one picture, a member moves to a quiet corner before answering a phone call. The picture is not really about telephones. It shows how a general rule, respecting other readers, can become a visible action that new members can copy.

What the model shows

  • Definition: a concrete example is a specific case.
  • Function: the phone-call situation turns an abstract rule into a visible action.
  • Wrong scale: “the picture includes a phone” describes content, not purpose.
  • When a question asks why an example appears, name the larger idea it supports.
  • A detail about the picture can be true but still fail to explain its purpose.
  • The strongest answer connects the example to the general principle it illustrates.
  • Read the sentences before and after the example to identify the link.

Find the supported response

A student research group wanted to understand how people learn the categories in a digital museum catalogue. One version grouped objects by the material they were made from. Another grouped them by what people had used them for. The group asked twelve volunteers to find several objects in each version and explain their choices aloud.

A wooden cooking bowl illustrates why these systems can lead to different search paths. In a material-based catalogue, a visitor might look under wood. In a use-based catalogue, the same visitor might look under preparing food. Neither description is necessarily wrong; each highlights a different feature of the object.

Some volunteers found the use-based categories more familiar, while others preferred the material-based labels. Several changed strategy after seeing an object they had not expected. The researchers concluded that a catalogue can support different users by offering more than one route. They did not claim that one classification system was universally best. Their small project also examined search behaviour, not how much visitors remembered about the objects afterward.

  1. Why does the author describe the wooden cooking bowl?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    To show how one object can fit different classification systems

    The bowl connects the two systems: material points to wood, while function points to preparing food.

  2. What did the volunteers do during the project?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Find objects and explain their choices aloud

    The first paragraph says they found objects in each version and explained their choices.

  3. What does highlights most nearly mean here?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Draws attention to

    Each system draws attention to a different feature of the same object.

Check the deeper meaning

A student research group wanted to understand how people learn the categories in a digital museum catalogue. One version grouped objects by the material they were made from. Another grouped them by what people had used them for. The group asked twelve volunteers to find several objects in each version and explain their choices aloud.

A wooden cooking bowl illustrates why these systems can lead to different search paths. In a material-based catalogue, a visitor might look under wood. In a use-based catalogue, the same visitor might look under preparing food. Neither description is necessarily wrong; each highlights a different feature of the object.

Some volunteers found the use-based categories more familiar, while others preferred the material-based labels. Several changed strategy after seeing an object they had not expected. The researchers concluded that a catalogue can support different users by offering more than one route. They did not claim that one classification system was universally best. Their small project also examined search behaviour, not how much visitors remembered about the objects afterward.

  1. What recommendation follows from the findings?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Offer more than one route through the catalogue

    Different preferences and changing strategies support giving users more than one route.

  2. Why does the passage mention volunteers changing strategy?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    To show that a user’s approach may depend on the object

    Several volunteers changed strategy after an unexpected object; this supports flexible search routes.

  3. Which question was outside the project’s stated scope?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    How much visitors remembered later

    The final sentence says the project examined search behaviour rather than later memory.

Explain and transfer the strategy

A student research group wanted to understand how people learn the categories in a digital museum catalogue. One version grouped objects by the material they were made from. Another grouped them by what people had used them for. The group asked twelve volunteers to find several objects in each version and explain their choices aloud.

A wooden cooking bowl illustrates why these systems can lead to different search paths. In a material-based catalogue, a visitor might look under wood. In a use-based catalogue, the same visitor might look under preparing food. Neither description is necessarily wrong; each highlights a different feature of the object.

Some volunteers found the use-based categories more familiar, while others preferred the material-based labels. Several changed strategy after seeing an object they had not expected. The researchers concluded that a catalogue can support different users by offering more than one route. They did not claim that one classification system was universally best. Their small project also examined search behaviour, not how much visitors remembered about the objects afterward.

Your open task

  • Explain the bowl example using a different everyday object with two possible categories.
  • Distinguish one observed result from the researchers’ recommendation.
  • Propose an additional catalogue route and explain who might benefit.

Find the supported response

A campus design class conducted a small observation project in a courtyard. For one week, the courtyard contained only individual chairs. During a second week, the same chairs were placed around several small tables. The students counted how many visitors spoke to someone they had not arrived with. They also asked a few visitors why they had chosen a particular seat.

More new conversations were observed during the second week. Some visitors said that a shared table gave them an easy reason to speak, such as asking whether a place was free. Others still preferred an isolated chair, especially when reading or making a phone call. The students therefore proposed a mixed arrangement rather than replacing every individual seat.

Their report was cautious. The weather was warmer in the second week, and a campus event brought extra visitors to the area. These differences could have influenced the observations. The project suggested that furniture arrangement may facilitate conversation, but it did not establish that tables alone caused the change.

  1. Which statement best captures the passage’s main idea?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Shared tables may encourage conversation, but the evidence has limits

    The report links arrangement to possible conversation benefits while explicitly noting confounding differences.

  2. Why did some visitors prefer an isolated chair?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    They wanted to read or make a phone call

    The second paragraph gives reading and phone calls as reasons for choosing individual seating.

  3. What does facilitate most nearly mean in this passage?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Make easier

    Shared tables gave visitors an easy opening for conversation; facilitate therefore means make easier.

Check the deeper meaning

A campus design class conducted a small observation project in a courtyard. For one week, the courtyard contained only individual chairs. During a second week, the same chairs were placed around several small tables. The students counted how many visitors spoke to someone they had not arrived with. They also asked a few visitors why they had chosen a particular seat.

More new conversations were observed during the second week. Some visitors said that a shared table gave them an easy reason to speak, such as asking whether a place was free. Others still preferred an isolated chair, especially when reading or making a phone call. The students therefore proposed a mixed arrangement rather than replacing every individual seat.

Their report was cautious. The weather was warmer in the second week, and a campus event brought extra visitors to the area. These differences could have influenced the observations. The project suggested that furniture arrangement may facilitate conversation, but it did not establish that tables alone caused the change.

  1. Why is the campus event mentioned?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    It may have affected who used the courtyard

    The event brought extra visitors, so it is a possible influence beyond furniture arrangement.

  2. What arrangement did the students recommend?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    A combination of shared and individual seating

    The report proposes a mixed arrangement in response to different visitor preferences.

  3. Which conclusion is too strong for the evidence?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Tables alone caused the increase in conversations

    The final paragraph explicitly rejects a claim that tables alone caused the observed change.

Explain and transfer the strategy

A campus design class conducted a small observation project in a courtyard. For one week, the courtyard contained only individual chairs. During a second week, the same chairs were placed around several small tables. The students counted how many visitors spoke to someone they had not arrived with. They also asked a few visitors why they had chosen a particular seat.

More new conversations were observed during the second week. Some visitors said that a shared table gave them an easy reason to speak, such as asking whether a place was free. Others still preferred an isolated chair, especially when reading or making a phone call. The students therefore proposed a mixed arrangement rather than replacing every individual seat.

Their report was cautious. The weather was warmer in the second week, and a campus event brought extra visitors to the area. These differences could have influenced the observations. The project suggested that furniture arrangement may facilitate conversation, but it did not establish that tables alone caused the change.

Your open task

  • Explain the main claim to someone who has not read the report, including one limitation.
  • Use facilitate in a new sentence about learning or communication.
  • Suggest one change that would make a follow-up observation easier to interpret.

Infer Carefully and Check Exceptions — worked model

Two adults discuss a research report at a campus study table.

In a small study, a class surveyed twenty people who used a neighbourhood noticeboard. Most said they noticed large headings before reading smaller details. The class concluded that headings deserved careful attention when a message was designed. It did not conclude that readers ignored all smaller text or that every neighbourhood had the same preferences.

An inference combines information that the passage supplies. If headings are noticed first, a heading may affect whether a reader continues. This is a cautious extension of the observation. By contrast, claiming that a particular font doubles attendance would require evidence that the passage never provides. The size of the sample also limits how widely the finding can be applied.

What the model shows

  • A warranted inference stays close to stated evidence.
  • Not stated and contradicted are different: an unmentioned font effect is simply unsupported.
  • Watch absolute words such as all, always and proves.
  • For an EXCEPT question, verify the supported choices before identifying the unsupported one.

Find the supported response

A student project compared two versions of a notice about borrowing sports equipment. Both versions contained the same information: collection hours, return instructions and a contact address. In Version A, this information appeared in one continuous paragraph. In Version B, it appeared under three short headings. Sixteen students each read one version and then described what they would do to borrow and return an item.

Students who read Version B more often mentioned the return instructions without being prompted. However, the two groups were similar in how often they recalled the contact address. Several readers of Version A said they had focused on the opening sentence and overlooked later details.

The project team suggested using headings when a notice contains several separate actions. The team also noted important limits. The students were volunteers from one class, the groups were small, and the project involved only one notice. A later study would need different readers and messages before the team could make broader claims about notice design.

  1. Which inference is best supported?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Headings may help readers notice separate actions in a message

    Version B improved recall of return instructions, supporting a limited claim about noticing separate actions.

  2. What was the same in both notice versions?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    The information about collection, return and contact

    The first paragraph states that the same information appeared in different layouts.

  3. Which detail did the two groups recall at similar rates?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    The contact address

    The second paragraph directly contrasts similar contact-address recall with different return-instruction recall.

Check the deeper meaning

A student project compared two versions of a notice about borrowing sports equipment. Both versions contained the same information: collection hours, return instructions and a contact address. In Version A, this information appeared in one continuous paragraph. In Version B, it appeared under three short headings. Sixteen students each read one version and then described what they would do to borrow and return an item.

Students who read Version B more often mentioned the return instructions without being prompted. However, the two groups were similar in how often they recalled the contact address. Several readers of Version A said they had focused on the opening sentence and overlooked later details.

The project team suggested using headings when a notice contains several separate actions. The team also noted important limits. The students were volunteers from one class, the groups were small, and the project involved only one notice. A later study would need different readers and messages before the team could make broader claims about notice design.

  1. All of the following are stated limits EXCEPT:

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    The notices contained different information

    Different information is not a stated limitation; the two versions explicitly contained the same information.

  2. Why would a later study need different readers and messages?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    To examine whether the finding extends beyond this small project

    The limited sample and single message prevent broad conclusions without further investigation.

  3. What does overlooked most nearly mean here?

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    Failed to notice

    Readers focused on the opening and missed later details; overlooked means failed to notice.

Explain and transfer the strategy

A student project compared two versions of a notice about borrowing sports equipment. Both versions contained the same information: collection hours, return instructions and a contact address. In Version A, this information appeared in one continuous paragraph. In Version B, it appeared under three short headings. Sixteen students each read one version and then described what they would do to borrow and return an item.

Students who read Version B more often mentioned the return instructions without being prompted. However, the two groups were similar in how often they recalled the contact address. Several readers of Version A said they had focused on the opening sentence and overlooked later details.

The project team suggested using headings when a notice contains several separate actions. The team also noted important limits. The students were volunteers from one class, the groups were small, and the project involved only one notice. A later study would need different readers and messages before the team could make broader claims about notice design.

Your open task

  • Give a cautious conclusion using may or suggests and support it with one observation.
  • Explain why one unsupported statement is not the same as a disproved statement.
  • Design a better follow-up comparison in two or three sentences.

Careful claims: hedging in the passage

  1. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Birds in noisier areas tended ______ songs with a higher minimum pitch.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    to sing

    Tend is followed by to + base verb: tended to sing.

  2. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    The explanation seems ______: by raising the lowest notes of their songs, birds move their signal away from the low rumble of traffic

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    straightforward

    Seem works like be: it is followed by an adjective, not an adverb.

  3. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    The comparison with human speech is useful, but it may also ______ misleading.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    be

    A modal verb such as may is followed by the base form without to: may be.

  4. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    These explanations are not mutually exclusive, and it is likely ______ more than one operates in some populations.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    that

    It is likely is followed by a that-clause with its own subject and verb.

  5. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    In some species, lower-pitched songs appear ______ more attractive to females

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    to be

    Appear is followed by to + base verb: appear to be.

  6. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    In some species, lower-pitched songs appear to be more attractive to females, ______ because only larger or healthier males can produce them.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    possibly

    An adverb modifies the whole because-clause and marks it as one possible reason.

  7. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Urban birds clearly change the way they sing, and noise is very ______ one of the reasons.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    likely

    Very likely here means probably; it limits how strongly the author claims noise is a cause.

  8. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Whether that change represents a successful adaptation, a costly compromise or both is still ______ debated.

    Cevabı ve açıklamayı göster

    being

    Is still being + past participle is the present continuous passive: the debate is going on now.

Bu üniteyi öğren
Nasıl öğrenmek istersin?
Hesabın var mı?

Ücretsiz hesap bir üniteyi kalıcı olarak açar.

Görev nasıl görünür?

Tek bir metin okursunuz; örneğin bir araştırmanın kısa bir anlatımı ya da bilimsel bir açıklama. Ön bilgi gerekmez: Her doğru cevabın dayanağı metindedir. Alıştırma soruları beş şeyi ölçer:

  • Ana fikir: “Which statement best captures the passage’s main idea?”
  • Ayrıntı: “What did the volunteers do during the project?”
  • Kelime: “What does highlights most nearly mean here?”
  • Çıkarım: “Which inference is best supported?”
  • Amaç: “Why is the campus event mentioned?”

Amaç soruları: Örnek ne işe yarıyor?

Örnek, genel bir fikri anlamayı kolaylaştıran belirli bir durumdur; amaç sorusu örneğin içeriğini değil, gördüğü işi sorar. Önce işi adlandırın: örneklemek, karşılaştırmak, gözde canlandırmayı kolaylaştırmak ya da bir iddiayı sınırlamak.

Bunu, nesneleri ya malzemeye ya da kullanım amacına göre gruplayan bir müze kataloğunu anlatan metinde deneyin: Bir ziyaretçi “wood” ya da “preparing food” başlığına bakabilir.

  • “A wooden cooking bowl illustrates why these systems can lead to different search paths.”
Yazar ahşap pişirme kâsesini neden anlatıyor?

Gözlem mi, öneri mi, test edilmemiş iddia mı?

Yanlış cevaplar çoğu zaman bir çalışmanın katmanlarını karıştırır:

  • Gözlem: “Some volunteers found the use-based categories more familiar, while others preferred the material-based labels.”
  • Öneri: “The researchers concluded that a catalogue can support different users by offering more than one route.”
  • Kapsam dışı: Çalışma “examined search behaviour, not how much visitors remembered about the objects afterward”; bu yüzden hafızayla ilgili bir cevap desteklenmez.
  • Sınırlar: Bir avlu çalışmasında ortak masalarda daha çok sohbet görüldü, ama o hafta hava daha sıcaktı ve kampüsteki bir etkinlik ek ziyaretçi getirdi; bu yüzden “Tables alone caused the increase” fazla güçlüdür.

Temkinli dil: Bir iddia nasıl sınırlanır?

Akademik yazarlar iddialarını kanıtlarına göre yumuşatır ve doğru cevaplar bu temkini korur. Dil bilgisine dikkat edin:

  • tend to + yalın fiil: “Birds in noisier areas tended to sing songs with a higher minimum pitch.”
  • seem + sıfat, zarf değil: “The explanation seems straightforward.”
  • may + to’suz yalın fiil: “The comparison with human speech is useful, but it may also be misleading.”
  • it is likely that + tam yan cümle: “It is likely that more than one operates in some populations.”
  • appear to be: “lower-pitched songs appear to be more attractive to females”
Bu üniteyi kendi yolunla öğren

Tipik hatalar

Türkçede “-ebilir” eki hem yetenek hem olasılık bildirir; İngilizcede ikisini ayırın: “Individual birds can shift their pitch” bir yeteneği, “it may also be misleading” bir olasılığı anlatır.

  • Örneğin neden orada olduğunu açıklamak yerine onu betimleyen cevabı seçmek.
  • Metin temkinliyken “all”, “always” ya da “proves” içeren cevabı kabul etmek.
  • Bir karşılaştırmayı harfiyen almak: Kalabalık bir partide sesini yükselten biri, trafiğe karşı öten kuşları gözde canlandırmaya yardım eder; ama yazar bu karşılaştırmanın yanıltıcı olabileceği uyarısını yapar.
  • EXCEPT sorularında önce desteklenen seçenekleri doğrulamamak.

Nasıl pratik yapmalı?

Günde bir metin alışkanlık kurmaya yeter. Bu rutin yaklaşık 20 dakika sürer:

  • Okuma: Ana fikri, sınırıyla birlikte tek cümlede yazın.
  • Cevaplama: Her seçimi kanıtlayan cümleyi not edin.
  • Etiketleme: Üç cümleyi gözlem, öneri ya da sınır olarak işaretleyin.
  • Aktarma: Kâse örneğini kendi nesnenizle açıklayın; bir bisiklet kaskı “plastic” ya da “safety equipment” başlığı altında durabilir.
  • Konuşma: Bir tartışma sorusunu temkinli bir kalıpla sesli cevaplayın: “I tend to concentrate better when…” ya da “It probably depends on the task.”

Sonraki adım

Her örneğin işini ve her çalışmanın sınırını adlandırabildiğinizde okuma görevlerindeki hatalarınızı birlikte gözden geçirin, sonra dinlemeye geçin; orada da cevap kanıtla aynı titizlikle eşleşmelidir.

Sık sorulan sorular

TOEFL iBT’deki “Read an Academic Passage” nedir?

2026’da tanıtılan TOEFL iBT biçimindeki bir Reading görevidir: Akademik bir konuda kısa bir metin okur; ana fikri, ayrıntıları, kelimeleri, çıkarımları ve örneklerin amacını soran çoktan seçmeli soruları cevaplarsınız.

TOEFL okumada “Why does the author mention…?” sorusu nasıl cevaplanır?

Örneğin çevresindeki cümleleri okuyun, örneğin hangi genel fikri desteklediğine karar verin ve onun işini söyleyen cevabı seçin: örneklemek ya da karşılaştırmak gibi. Örneği yalnızca betimleyen cevap çoğu zaman bir tuzaktır.

TOEFL okumada “belirtilmemiş” ile “yanlış” aynı şey mi?

Hayır. Yanlış bir ifade metinle çelişir; belirtilmemiş bir ifadenin ise dayanağı yoktur; yazı tiplerinden hiç söz etmeyen bir metinde yazı tipiyle ilgili bir iddia gibi. Soru metnin ne söylediğini sorduğunda ikisi de doğru cevap değildir.

Flalingo, TOEFL sınavını yürüten kuruluşlarla bağlantılı değildir ve bu kuruluşlar tarafından onaylanmamıştır.

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Sırada ne var?

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Flai, Flalingo'nun sesli konuşmalar, düzeltmeler ve ders raporlarıyla pratik yapmaya yardımcı olan yapay zekâ destekli konuşma uygulamasıdır.

Canlı öğretmenle öğren

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