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英語の練習

体調の知らせに英語のメールで返信するには(B2):温かい表現と現在完了・現在完了進行形

Two friends check a repaired tap and its rubber seal at a sink.

B2の英語で、友人の体調の知らせにメールで返信する方法:5つの部分からなる組み立て、医学的な助言をせずに温かく応える表現、正確な健康の語彙、そして現在完了と現在完了進行形の使い分けを学びます。

友人から体調の知らせが届いたら、5つのステップで返信します。知らせに反応し、自分の近況を短く伝え、関係のある質問を1つして、温かく締めくくり、PSは役割があるときだけ添えます。医者ではなく友人として書きましょう。薬をすすめるより、どう過ごしているかを尋ねます。中心となる文法は現在完了です。結果のある知らせには“I’ve just heard about your ankle”、継続には“I’ve been thinking about you all week”のように使います。このテーマはB2(中上級)レベルで、英語で個人的なメールを書く大人向けです。

この記事が向いている人

  • 友人や家族、同僚に英語でメールを書き、返信を決まり文句ではなく温かく響かせたい中上級の大人。
  • 現在完了は知っているけれど、“I’ve done”と“I’ve been doing”の間でまだ迷う人。
  • 海外で暮らし、病気やけが、回復について日常の英語で話す必要がある人。
  • まだ早い場合:1つの出来事について短いメッセージをつなげて書くのがまだ難しいなら、先にB1+の、旅行についての5つのつながったメッセージから始めましょう。
  • 簡単すぎる場合:現在完了と現在完了進行形を自然に選べるなら、C1の、意味が変わった記憶についての振り返りの記事に進みましょう。

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単語カード

experience: ever / never

Use present perfect simple for an experience at an unspecified time.

Have you ever fainted? I have never broken a bone.

recent completion: just / already / yet

Use simple for a completed action with present relevance.

The nurse has just called; she has already reviewed the notes but has not arrived yet.

superlative or numbered occasion

Use simple after the best/worst and first/second/last time.

This is the worst headache I have ever had.

state continuing to now

Use simple with non-action verbs and for/since.

Maya has known this doctor for twelve years.

quantity or frequency

Use simple when the amount completed matters.

How many tablets have you taken today?

unfinished duration

Use continuous with an action continuing now.

Owen has been coughing since Tuesday.

会話

maya You have been rehearsing for two hours, haven’t you?

owen I have, and I have hardly drunk any water.

maya Sit down. You look pale, and you said you felt dizzy.

owen I feel better already. Could you tell me whether the room is unusually warm?

maya It is. The heating has been running since early morning. I’ll open the door and get water.

owen Then I’ll change out of this tight woollen jacket before we continue.

文の形

repeated recent activity

Use continuous for repeated action over a period.

I have been checking my temperature all morning.

just-finished activity with a result

Use continuous when visible evidence comes from recent activity.

Her shoes are muddy because she has been walking outside.

completion versus process

Simple foregrounds finished result; continuous foregrounds duration or incompleteness.

Maya has written the health update; Owen has been writing his but has not finished.

dual-behaviour verbs

Meaning controls form: have a possession is a state; have lessons is an activity.

He has had this monitor for years, but he has been having weekly therapy since May.

live / work flexibility

Both forms can describe duration; continuous often sounds more temporary.

She has worked here since 2020; she has been working from home this month.

追加の練習

A complete informal health email

Maya and Owen check a repaired tap and its rubber seal at a sink.

Hi Lena,

Sorry I haven’t been in touch for a while, but I've been dealing with a strange problem at the studio. Five members have reported irritated hands since a tap was repaired, and one colleague has had an allergic reaction. Fortunately, nobody has needed emergency treatment. We've stopped using the tap, and the building manager has already replaced its latex seal.

How are you and your family? Have you been enjoying the new flat? I'm feeling less anxious now that we have found the cause. I've been writing a simple materials checklist so that contractors mention possible allergens before future work.

Anyway, that's all for now. Please give my regards to Amir. Hope to hear from you soon.

Take care,

Maya

PS Could you send me the name of the antihistamine guide you mentioned?

Reply with evidence and warmth

The rash that followed the repair

Maya and Owen check a repaired tap and its rubber seal at a sink.

The rash that followed the repair

Maya has managed a co-working studio for six years, but she has never closed it for a health concern. This week, five members have reported itchy hands. Two have developed a rash, and one has been sneezing whenever she enters the kitchen.

At first, the team blamed a new cleaning spray. They have stopped using it, yet the symptoms have continued. Owen has been comparing the incident times with maintenance records. Every report occurred after someone used the repaired hot-water tap. A plumber had fitted a rubber seal containing latex, and one member has already confirmed a serious latex allergy.

Maya has now isolated the tap and informed the building manager. No one has had difficulty breathing, but the allergic member has taken an antihistamine after medical advice. The building has replaced the seal and has begun checking material declarations for future repairs. A minor maintenance job has exposed a procurement gap that the studio had not considered before.

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返信のための5つの部分

140〜190語の中で、各部分に1〜3文ずつ使います。

  • 知らせに反応する:“I was so sorry to hear about your fall. What a relief nothing is broken!”
  • 自分の近況は短く:“Things have been busy here: I’ve just started a new project at work.”
  • 関係のある質問:“Have you been able to sleep properly?”
  • 温かい締めくくり:“Take care, and give my love to the kids.”
  • PSは頼みごとや申し出があるときだけ:“PS I can bring some shopping on Saturday if that helps.”

医学的な助言をせずに温かく応える

知らせに合った表現を選び、治療は医師に任せましょう。日本語の「お大事に」に近いのは“Take care”や“Get well soon”です。

  • 悪い知らせ:“I’m so sorry to hear you’ve been unwell.”
  • よい知らせ:“I’m so glad you’re feeling better.”
  • よい面も悪い面もある知らせ:“It must have been frightening, but it sounds as if you’re over the worst.” “over the worst”は、いちばんつらい時期を越えたという意味です。
  • 処方せずに尋ねる:“Have you been able to see a doctor?” “You should take antibiotics.”とは書きません。
  • 手助けを申し出る:“Is there anything I can do?”

知らせを正確にする健康の語彙

正確なコロケーションが、実際に何があったのかを伝えます。日本語の「熱がある」は、イギリス英語では“have a temperature”、アメリカ英語ではふつう“have a fever”です。

  • “have a cold”(風邪をひいている)、“have flu”(インフルエンザにかかっている)、“have a sore throat”(喉が痛い)。
  • “sprained ankle”はひねって痛めた足首、“swollen ankle”は腫れた足首です。
  • “feel dizzy”(めまいがする)、“faint”や“pass out”(短い間気を失う)、“come round”(意識が戻る)。
  • イギリス英語の“feel sick”は吐き気がするという意味です。アメリカ英語の“sick”はふつう単に病気だという意味です。

現在完了:結果、経験、量

日本語では「看護師はもう記録を確認した」のように「〜た」で言いますが、英語では、終わった出来事やその結果、数が今に関係するとき現在完了を使います。

  • “already”と“yet”:“The nurse has already reviewed the notes but has not arrived yet.”
  • 経験:“Have you ever fainted? I have never broken a bone.”
  • 最上級のあと:“This is the worst headache I have ever had.”
  • 量や回数:“I’ve phoned the clinic three times this morning.”
  • “for”や“since”と使う状態動詞(“know”“be”、所有の“have”):“I have known my doctor for twelve years.”

現在完了進行形:継続と活動

日本語の「火曜日から咳をしている」は「〜ている」で言えますが、英語では現在完了進行形が必要です。活動そのもの、その長さ、まだ終わっていないことが大切なときに進行形を使います。

選んだ理由を1文で説明できるようにしましょう:“I chose ‘I’ve been resting’ because the rest is still going on.”

  • まだ続いていること:“He has been coughing since Tuesday.”
  • 一定の期間くり返したこと:“I have been checking my temperature all morning.”
  • 目に見える跡:“Her shoes are muddy because she has been walking outside.”
  • 過程と結果:“I’ve been writing a checklist”(まだ終わっていない)と“I’ve written to the clinic”(終わった)。
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短いやりとりで違いを聞く

リハーサル中の同僚2人のうち1人が、具合が悪くなります。“hardly drunk any water”はなぜ単純形で、“has been running since early morning”はなぜ進行形なのでしょう?

前者は量が大切で、後者は暖房がまだついているからです。

Maya You have been rehearsing for two hours, haven’t you?

Owen I have, and I have hardly drunk any water.

Maya Sit down. You look pale, and you said you felt dizzy.

Owen I feel better already. Could you tell me whether the room is unusually warm?

Maya It is. The heating has been running since early morning. I’ll open the door and get water.

よくある間違い

下書きで次の点を確認しましょう。

  • “I am ill since Monday.” “I have been ill since Monday.”と書きます。
  • “I have seen the doctor yesterday.” 終わった時点があるなら過去形です:“I saw the doctor yesterday.”
  • “Since two days.” 「〜間」は“for”、「〜から」は“since”です:“for two days”、“since Tuesday”。
  • 診断をする:“It’s probably an allergy, so take antihistamines.” 代わりに尋ねましょう:“What did the doctor say?”

1日10分の練習法

実際の知らせか架空の知らせを1つ選び、週末に返信全体を書きましょう。

  • 3分:“just”“since”、進行形を1つずつ使って、今週について3文書きます。
  • 3分:1つの文を単純形と進行形で入れ替え、意味がどう変わるかを声に出して言います。
  • 4分:質問を1つ選び、理由をつけて声に出して答えます:“Is a message or a phone call better when a friend is ill?” “How much health detail is it fine to share by email?”

次のステップ

B2では次に、50語の核となる文章を短い物語に広げ、冒険研修についてバランスのよい記事を書きましょう。C1では、意味が変わった記憶についての振り返りの記事を書きます。

よくある質問

現在完了と現在完了進行形の違いは何ですか?

現在完了は結果や量を強調します:“I’ve written three emails.” 進行形は活動とその長さを強調します:“I’ve been writing emails all morning.”

悪い体調の知らせには、英語のメールでどう返信しますか?

お見舞いの言葉を伝え、関係のある質問をし、手助けを申し出てから温かく締めくくります:“Take care of yourself.” 医学的な助言は医師に任せましょう。

“I am ill since Monday”と“I have been ill since Monday”のどちらが正しいですか?

“I have been ill since Monday.”です。日本語では「月曜日から具合が悪い」と現在形で言いますが、“since”は過去の起点と今をつなぐので、英語では現在完了を使います。

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