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英語の練習

英語で賛成・反対を論じるエッセイの書き方(B2):理由の展開、条件文、takeの表現

The riverside path is closed and the market now trades on the car-park deck.

B2の英語で賛否をバランスよく論じる方法:両側に2つずつ展開した理由、リスクと備えを表す条件文、“take”を使った表現の正確な意味、そして条件を示す結論を学びます。

賛否を論じるエッセイは、一つの決定について両側を検討してから意見を述べる文章です。140〜190語を4段落に分けます。決定を問いとして示す導入、しっかり展開した利点2つ、しっかり展開した欠点2つ、そして自分の条件を示す結論です。ここでの例は、会社が社員のアドベンチャー研修の費用を払うべきかという問いです。このテーマはB2(中上級)レベルで、英語で意見は言えても、よりバランスよく説得力のある文章にしたい大人向けです。

この記事が向いている人

  • 英語で意見は言えるけれど、議論がまだ一方的だったり、リストのように聞こえたりする中上級の大人。
  • 職場で議論の投稿、提案、コメントを英語で書き、利点とコストを比べる必要がある人。
  • 長所と短所を挙げてから根拠のある意見でまとめる、ライティング課題の準備をしている人。
  • まだ早い場合:一つの主張を根拠で支えることもまだ難しいなら、先に2つの強みを根拠で示すB1+の職務プロフィールから始めましょう。
  • 簡単すぎる場合:バランスのよい議論や条件付きの結論がもう自然に書けるなら、原因を説明して反論に答えるC1+の記事に進みましょう。

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単語カード

take after — phrasal verb

resemble an older relative

Maya takes after her aunt: both assess risk calmly.

take risks — collocation

accept possible harm or loss

Owen takes calculated risks only after defining a stopping rule.

take part in — phrasal verb

participate in

Thirty residents took part in the flood drill.

take care of — expression

look after or deal responsibly with

Maya takes care of the emergency equipment.

take advantage of — expression

use an opportunity beneficially

The council took advantage of a dry week to repair the barrier.

take place — expression

happen at a stated time or location

The safety review will take place on Friday.

take your time — expression

avoid hurrying

Take your time when checking the climbing harness.

take into account — expression

consider when deciding

The forecast must take wind speed into account.

会話

maya If the chance of rain is only twenty percent, do we still change the route?

owen We do if the consequence is difficult evacuation. Probability is not the whole risk.

maya As soon as wind reaches the threshold, the exposed route closes.

owen And teams carry radios in case the signal fails.

maya Unless visibility improves, the final group will take the lower path.

owen That is slower, but it keeps the decision reversible.

文の形

zero: present simple + present simple

Use for a general result or rule.

If floodwater reaches electrical equipment, the power shuts down.

zero with continuous/perfect

Present continuous or present perfect can appear when the general relationship requires it.

If crews are working near water, they wear radios; if a barrier has failed, the road closes.

first: present after if

Use a present form in the condition, not will for ordinary prediction.

If the wind increases, the event will move indoors.

varied main clause

The result may use will, going to, imperative, modal, or present form.

If the warning changes, call Maya; we may cancel, and Owen is going to notify traders.

future-time linkers

Use present forms after when, as soon as, until, before, and after.

As soon as the inspection finishes, we’ll reopen the path.

unless

Means if not; keep the intended negative logic clear.

The climb will continue unless the visibility gets worse.

in case

Describe a precaution taken because something may happen.

Carry a radio in case the mobile signal fails.

general versus possible consequence

Zero presents a regular relation; first presents a likely future situation.

If people skip checks, errors increase; if we skip tonight’s check, tomorrow’s launch may fail.

追加の練習

Adventure courses: fair route to confidence or avoidable risk?

The riverside path is closed and the market now trades on the car-park deck.

Outdoor challenge courses can build confidence, but should employers pay staff to take part in them?

On the one hand, a carefully designed course can reveal communication habits that an office meeting hides. Participants practise asking for help, taking notice of changing conditions, and stopping when a limit is reached. A shared unfamiliar task may also strengthen trust.

On the other hand, physical activities do not offer equal access. An employee may have a health condition, disability, religious concern, or previous experience that they do not wish to disclose. If participation affects promotion, the activity stops being genuinely voluntary. The company also takes on cost and legal risk.

In my view, employers may offer challenge courses only when an equally valued non-physical alternative exists and no career decision depends on attendance. Under those conditions, the activity can be useful without turning personal risk into a test of professional worth.

Write a balanced risk post

The climbing session that became safer by becoming smaller

The riverside path is closed and the market now trades on the car-park deck.

The climbing session that became safer by becoming smaller

An indoor climbing centre planned its first outdoor weekend for forty beginners. The organizer took advantage of a low price and booked one large group. If the weather stayed settled, two instructors would lead everyone along the same ridge.

Three days before departure, the forecast became changeable. The chance of rain remained modest, but strong wind would make the exposed ridge difficult to evacuate. Maya wanted to cancel. Owen took the wind speed into account and noticed that a sheltered lower route stayed within the instructors' qualification.

They divided the group into four timed teams and introduced a clear rule: if gusts reach 35 kilometres per hour, nobody starts the ridge; if visibility has fallen below the marked point, teams take the lower path. The smaller plan cost more, yet it reduced queueing and kept instructors close to each learner.

The weekend went ahead. One team used the lower route when fog arrived, and the others completed the ridge before the wind strengthened. The centre later kept the smaller-team rule even in good weather because incident reports and waiting time both fell.

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バランスのよい文章の4段落の組み立て

段落ごとに役割は一つです。まず50語ほどの導入を書きましょう。

  • 導入:公平な事実、そして問い。“Outdoor challenge courses can build confidence, but should employers pay staff to take part in them?”
  • 賛成:“On the one hand”で始める利点2つ。
  • 反対:“On the other hand”で始める欠点2つ。
  • 結論:“In my view”か“On balance”のあとに自分の条件。

理由を展開する:主張、説明、結果

ラベルは議論ではありません。展開した理由は、何が起きるか、どのように起きるか、なぜ大切かを述べます。“can”と“may”は、利点を約束ではなく可能性として示します。

  • ラベル:“Adventure courses are good for teamwork.”
  • 展開した理由:“A carefully designed course can reveal communication habits that an office meeting hides.” “Participants practise asking for help, taking notice of changing conditions, and stopping when a limit is reached.”
  • 控えめな言い方:“A shared unfamiliar task may also strengthen trust.”
  • 結果まで述べた欠点:“If participation affects promotion, the activity stops being genuinely voluntary.”

ルール、リスク、備えを表す条件文

日本語の「〜場合」を“in case”と訳しがちですが、“in case”は「〜に備えて、念のため」という意味です。条件は“if”で表します。形ごとに役割が違います。

  • 一般的なルールはゼロ条件文、起こりそうな一つのケースは第一条件文:“If people skip checks, errors increase; if we skip tonight’s check, tomorrow’s launch may fail.”
  • 未来の条件でも、“if”のあとは“will”ではなく現在形:“If the wind increases, the event will move indoors.”
  • “when”“as soon as”“until”のあとも現在形:“As soon as the inspection finishes, we’ll reopen the path.”
  • “unless”は“if not”の意味です:“The climb will continue unless the visibility gets worse.”
  • “in case”は備えを表します:“Carry a radio in case the mobile signal fails.”

確率だけがリスクではない

クライミングの週末を企画する2人が、いつルートを変えるかを決めています。“as soon as”“in case”“unless”を探しながら聞きましょう。

エッセイに生かしたいポイントは2行目です。問題が起こる可能性と、起きたときの深刻さは別の問いです。

Maya If the chance of rain is only twenty percent, do we still change the route?

Owen We do if the consequence is difficult evacuation. Probability is not the whole risk.

Maya As soon as wind reaches the threshold, the exposed route closes.

Owen And teams carry radios in case the signal fails.

Maya Unless visibility improves, the final group will take the lower path.

Owen That is slower, but it keeps the decision reversible.

条件を示す結論

よい結論は両側を比べ、自分の条件を示します。条件を導くのは“only when”“only if”“provided that”“as long as”です。“In my view, employers may offer challenge courses only when an equally valued non-physical alternative exists and no career decision depends on attendance.”

書く前に話し合いましょう。

  • “Should employers pay staff to take part in adventure courses?”
  • “Can a risk be unlikely and still too serious to accept?”
  • “Has society become too afraid of risk?”
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“take”を使った表現

文章に3つ入れ、それぞれ正確な意味で使いましょう。“take place”は自動詞なので受け身になりません。日本語の「行われる」につられて“was taken place”としないよう注意しましょう。

  • “take part in”は参加する、“take place”は行われる、起こる:“Thirty residents took part in the flood drill.” “The safety review will take place on Friday.”
  • “take into account”は考慮する:“The forecast must take wind speed into account.”
  • “take advantage of”は機会をうまく生かす:“The council took advantage of a dry week to repair the barrier.”
  • “take after”は年上の家族に似ている:“Maya takes after her aunt: both assess risk calmly.”
  • “take on”は費用や責任を引き受ける:“The company also takes on cost and legal risk.”

よくある間違い

下書きで確認しましょう。

  • “On the contrary, the courses are expensive.” “on the contrary”は直前の発言を否定するときに使います。反対側の論点を出すなら“On the other hand”です。
  • “If the weather will change, …” 正しくは“If the weather changes, …”
  • “unless visibility doesn’t improve” 正しくは“unless visibility improves”
  • “The course will take part on Friday.” 行事は“take place”、人は“take part”です。
  • 前の論点を比べずに、新しい論点を持ち出す結論。

1日10分の練習法

週に一つ、職場に関わる問いを選び、週末に文章全体を書きましょう。

  • 3分:両側について、展開した理由を1つずつ書く。
  • 3分:“if”“in case”“unless”で1文ずつ書く。
  • 2分:“take”の表現3つを自分の文で声に出して言う。
  • 2分:“only if”で1文の結論を書く。

次のステップ

B2では次に、50語の下書きを物語に広げる、成功を誇張せずに試験的な取り組みを提案する、作業によって変わるルールを勧める、といった課題に進みましょう。C1+では、原因を説明して反論に答える記事を書きます。

よくある質問

賛否を論じるエッセイはどう組み立てますか?

4段落です。問い、しっかり展開した賛成の理由2つ、反対の理由2つ、そして両側を比べて自分の条件を示す結論です。

“in case”と“if”の違いは何ですか?

“if”は条件を表します。“If the signal fails, use the radio.” “in case”は前もってとる備えを表します。“Carry a radio in case the mobile signal fails.”

“take place”と“take part”はどちらを使いますか?

行事は“take place”です。目的語も受け身もとりません。“The safety review will take place on Friday.” 人は“take part in”です。“Thirty residents took part in the flood drill.”

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