条件文と仮定法過去の使い分け（B1）：現実の計画と理想を分けた住まいの提案を英語で書く

英語のわかりやすい住まいの提案では、物件の場所を伝え、何を先にするかを決める弱点を一つ挙げ、2種類の計画をはっきり分けます。実際に費用を出せる手順は条件文（first conditional）で書きます。“If the owner installs a handrail, we will ask for an inspection.” 想像するだけのアイデアは仮定法過去（second conditional）で書きます。“If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen.” この記事はB1（中級）レベルで、計画を立てるときに“will”と“would”が混ざってしまう大人向けです。

この記事が向いている人

“if＋過去形, would”の形は覚えているけれど、計画を立てるときは“will”と“would”をなんとなく選んでいる中級の大人。
部屋探し、シェアハウス、リフォーム、仕事の提案書などで、決まっていることと、いいアイデアにすぎないことを分ける必要がある人。
家を“nice”や“big”だけで説明していて、“on the outskirts”“cosy”“spacious”“attic”“terrace”のような正確な語を使いたい人。
まだ早い場合：“must”“can”“don’t”を使って順序のある案内を書くのがまだ難しいなら、ルールと選択を分ける初中級の初日ガイドから始めましょう。
簡単すぎる場合：現実の計画と希望をすでに自然に分けられるなら、B2に進んで、推測を事実のように言わずに写真を描写してみましょう。

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単語カード

locates and describes the property

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate.

identifies one decisive weakness

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

The main weakness is the attic staircase.

separates funded conditions from imagined improvements

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom.

ends with a conditional recommendation

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.

会話

maya I thought the basement could become a shared kitchen, but the surveyor found water behind the back wall.

owen So what happens if the owner doesn't repair it?

maya If it stays damp, we won't use the basement at all. We'll put the kitchen on the ground floor and reduce the number of bedrooms.

owen That changes the budget. What would you do if money weren't a problem?

maya I'd repair the basement, widen the entrance, and add a small lift. Then the top floor could become a light, spacious studio.

owen But with the actual budget?

maya We'll fix the drainage behind the back wall first. As soon as the owner agrees to that, we'll ask for two quotations for the entrance.

owen Good. If the quotations are reasonable, the committee will still consider the house.

文の形

Which result is realistic, and which is only imagined?

Getting quotations is realistic because the committee can do it after the owner agrees. Adding a lift is imaginary because the current budget cannot pay for it.

The dialogue deliberately contrasts first-conditional project steps with second-conditional wish-list changes.

追加の練習

Why the first house was rejected

An employee applies evening-class learning at work while residents plan shared accommodation in an old house.

A neighbourhood association needed accommodation for four nurses working temporary contracts at the local hospital. Its first choice was a spacious house near the city centre. The rent was affordable, and the wooden floors and high ceilings were in good condition. However, the bedrooms were on the upper floors, the front steps were steep, and there was no practical place for a lift.

The committee did not reject the house because it looked old. A nurse who used crutches explained that an injury or an illness could make those stairs impossible. Her comment changed the order of the committee's priorities: access came before decoration and distance.

They then inspected a smaller bungalow in the suburbs. It had a narrow entrance and an untidy patio, but every bedroom was on the ground floor. If the owner widens the entrance, the association will sign a three-year lease. If the committee had a larger budget, it would also build a covered terrace; for now, it will repair the gate and create a level path.

The second property was less impressive in photographs. It became the stronger proposal because its central problem could be fixed without rebuilding the whole home.

narrator Her comment changed the order of the committee's priorities: access came before decoration and distance.

narrator If the owner widens the entrance, the association will sign a three-year lease.

reader If the committee had a larger budget, it would also build a covered terrace.

Imaginary situations: the second conditional

if + past, would + base verb

Use the second conditional for an imaginary, unlikely, or contrary-to-fact present or future situation.

If we bought this house, we would turn the basement into a workshop.

wouldn't + base verb

Use wouldn't for an imagined negative result.

I wouldn't remove the fireplace if I renovated the sitting room.

Would + subject + base verb … if …?

Use would before the subject to ask about the imagined consequence. Would or wouldn’t can also describe an imagined ideal without an if-clause when the condition is understood.

Would you live here if the roof were safe?

If I were you / if it were

Were is preferred for all persons in formal and careful second-conditional use, especially in If I were you.

If I were the owner, I would repair the entrance first.

could in the condition or result

Could can express imaginary ability or possibility.

If we could afford it, we could add a lift beside the steps.

first conditional: real possibility

Choose the first conditional when the speaker sees the condition as realistically possible.

If the survey is positive tomorrow, we will make an offer.

second conditional: imagined alternative

Choose the second conditional when considering a hypothetical version of the present or future.

If the building had a lift, more residents would apply.

No would in the if-clause

Normally put the past form in the if-clause and would in the result clause.

If I lived there, I would use the attic as an office.

Write a property proposal

The old station cottage could provide short-term accommodation for visiting nurses. It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate. The ground floor is cosy rather than spacious, with a fireplace, a wooden floor, and a small kitchen opening onto a terrace.

The main weakness is the attic staircase. Until a safety inspector approves the steps, we will use the attic only for storage. If the owner installs a handrail and improves the lighting, we will ask for an inspection. The roof also needs attention, so we should obtain a quotation as soon as the current tenant leaves.

If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom. Those changes are desirable, not essential. I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.

locates and describes the property

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate.

identifies one decisive weakness

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

The main weakness is the attic staircase.

separates funded conditions from imagined improvements

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom.

ends with a conditional recommendation

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.

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無料アカウントで1つの単元をずっと開いておけます。

物件の場所と特徴を説明する表現

表現は前置詞といっしょに覚えましょう。日本語では場所をほぼ「〜に」「〜で」で表せますが、英語では“in”と“on”を選ぶ必要があります。

“on the outskirts”（町はずれ、郊外）、“on the coast”、“on the top floor”、ただし“in the country”“in the suburbs”：“The training centre is on the outskirts of Bristol.”
階：イギリス英語の“ground floor”は道路と同じ高さの階、つまり日本の1階です。アメリカ英語ではこの階を“first floor”と言います。
“roof”は建物をおおう屋根、“ceiling”は部屋の天井です。“basement”は地下、“attic”は屋根のすぐ下の屋根裏です。“fireplace”は火をたく暖炉、“chimney”は煙が出ていく煙突です。
“spacious”（広々とした）、“cosy”（こぢんまりして居心地がよい）、“light”（日当たりがよい）：“The ground floor is cosy rather than spacious.”

現実の次の手順：“if”“unless”“as soon as”“until”

起こりうると考える条件には、“if”＋現在形、そして“will”か“won’t”を使います。“when”“unless”“as soon as”“until”の後も、未来の意味ですが現在形です。日本語でも「大家さんが直せば契約します」と言い、条件の側に「〜だろう」を入れないのと同じです。

“unless”は“if not”、つまり「〜しない限り」：“We won’t sign the lease unless the owner repairs the roof.”
“as soon as”（「〜したらすぐに」）、次の手順に：“As soon as the tenant leaves, we’ll get a quotation for the roof.”
“until”（「〜するまで」）、期限に：“Until a safety inspector approves the steps, we will use the attic only for storage.”

希望にすぎないアイデア：“if”＋過去形、“would”

想像しているだけの状況には、“if”＋過去形、そして“would”を使います。この過去形は過去の時ではなく、現実からの距離を表します。日本語の「〜たら」は「家に着いたら電話します」のように現実の条件にも使えるので、英語では形ではなく、現実か想像かで選びましょう。

“If we bought this house, we would turn the basement into a workshop.”
書くときはどの人称でも“were”：“If I were the owner, I would repair the entrance first.” 会話では“if I was”もよく使われます。
想像の中の能力には“could”：“If we could afford it, we could add a lift beside the steps.”

“will”か“would”か：条件はどれくらい現実的？

条件が自分にとってどれくらい現実的かで選びます。応募した後なら“If I get the job, I’ll move”、夢見ているだけなら“If I got the job, I’d move”です。下の会話では、湿った地下室のせいでリフォームの計画が変わりました。見積もりを取るのは現実的で、エレベーターは希望です。

Owen That changes the budget. What would you do if money weren't a problem?

Maya I'd repair the basement, widen the entrance, and add a small lift. Then the top floor could become a light, spacious studio.

Owen But with the actual budget?

Maya We'll fix the drainage behind the back wall first. As soon as the owner agrees to that, we'll ask for two quotations for the entrance.

130〜160語の提案を組み立てる

実際の読み手を決め、いちばん大きな問題で順番を決めましょう。階段が危険なら、内装より出入りのしやすさが先です。

場所と目的：“It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate.”
判断を左右する弱点を一つ：“The main weakness is the attic staircase.”
“if”“until”“as soon as”で書く、予算のある手順。
別に分けた、想像上の改善：“If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom.”
条件を残した推薦：“I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.”

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よくある間違い

下書きで次の点を確認しましょう。

“If the owner will repair the roof, we’ll sign.” “if”の後に“will”は使いません。“If the owner repairs the roof, we’ll sign.”
“If I would have more money, I would buy it.” “if”の後に“would”は使いません。“If I had more money, I would buy it.”
“We won’t sign unless the owner doesn’t agree.” “unless”にはすでに否定の意味があります。“We won’t sign unless the owner agrees.”
“The house is in the outskirts.” “on the outskirts”ですが、“in the suburbs”です。
マンションを“mansion”と言うこと。英語の“mansion”は大邸宅のことで、日本のマンションは“flat”や“apartment”です。

ディスカッション：だれかと家をシェアしますか？

それぞれの質問に英語で2分ずつ答えましょう。現実の条件と想像の条件を一つずつ入れます。

“Imagine you are seventy. Where would you like to live, and who with?”
“Would towns be better places if more people shared houses? Why or why not?”
“Should grown-up children have a say in where their parents live?”

1日10分の練習法

すべて、まず声に出して言いましょう。

2分：会話を聞き、計画と希望を分けます。
3分：自分の家を描写します。場所、部屋一つ、弱点一つ。
3分：“if”と“as soon as”で次の手順を二つ、“if I had”で希望を一つ。
2分：条件を残した推薦を一つ。

次のステップ

決まっていることと、ありうるだけのことを分ける習慣は、事実にもとづく苦情メールや、スマートフォンの通知についてのバランスのよい提案でも役立ちます。B2では、推測を事実のように言わずに写真を描写してみましょう。

よくある質問

条件文（first conditional）と仮定法過去（second conditional）の違いは何ですか？

条件文は起こりうる条件に使います。“If the survey is positive tomorrow, we will make an offer.” 仮定法過去は想像の条件に使います。“If the building had a lift, more residents would apply.”

“if”の後に“will”は使えますか？

未来の条件なら使いません。“If it will rain”ではなく“If it rains”です。“when”“unless”“as soon as”“until”の後も同じです。

“if I was”と“if I were”はどちらが正しいですか？

どちらも使われますが、書くときは、特に“If I were you”のような表現では“were”が好まれます。

条件文と仮定法過去の使い分け（B1）：現実の計画と理想を分けた住まいの提案を英語で書く

この記事が向いている人

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単語カード

会話

文の形

追加の練習

Why the first house was rejected

Imaginary situations: the second conditional

Write a property proposal

物件の場所と特徴を説明する表現

現実の次の手順：“if”“unless”“as soon as”“until”

希望にすぎないアイデア：“if”＋過去形、“would”

“will”か“would”か：条件はどれくらい現実的？

130〜160語の提案を組み立てる

よくある間違い

ディスカッション：だれかと家をシェアしますか？

1日10分の練習法

次のステップ

よくある質問

次の練習を探す

次は何をしましょうか？

Flaiで練習を続けよう

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