英語で最近の体験を書く方法（B1 初中級）：現在完了、過去形、そして今の結果

最近の体験は4つのステップで書きます。まず現在完了でニュースを伝えます。“I’ve just made dumplings for the first time, and my freezer is full of them.” 終わった時を言ったら、すぐに過去形に切り替えます。“Last Saturday, I went to a small cooking class above a restaurant.” それから気持ちを1つ、その理由と一緒に加え、今の結果かアドバイスで締めます。日本語の「〜た」は両方の意味を表せますが、英語ではどちらかを選ぶ必要があります。B1（初中級、A2–B1）の大人向けで、1日10分で十分です。

この記事が向いている人

過去の話はできるけれど、“I’ve done” と “I did” のどちらにするか迷ってしまう初中級の大人。
教室、旅行、コンサート、買い物について、SNS や職場のチャットに英語で投稿したい方。
最近あったことを短いメール、ブログ、投稿にまとめる課題の準備をしている方。
まだ早い場合：went、bought、tried などの過去形でまだつまずくなら、先に転機のある短い旅の話を扱う B1 の記事で過去形だけを練習しましょう。
簡単すぎる場合：考えなくても2つの時制を使い分けられるなら、中級の現在完了進行形（“I’ve been learning…”）に進みましょう。

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単語カード

changing room

a private place in a shop where customers try on clothes

The changing rooms are behind the shoe department.

checkout

the place or screen where purchases are paid for

There was only one checkout open, so the queue was long.

customer

a person who buys or uses a shop’s goods or services

The assistant found another size for the customer.

receipt

a paper or digital record showing what you bought and paid

Keep the receipt in case the jacket does not fit.

shop assistant

a person who helps customers and sells goods in a shop

A shop assistant showed me where the coats were.

size

the standard measurement that shows how large clothing or footwear is

Do you have this shirt in a larger size?

suit

look attractive or appropriate on a particular person

That shade of green really suits you.

take back

return an item to a shop, usually for a refund or exchange

I’m taking the trousers back because they’re too short.

会話

assistant Hello. Can I help you?

maya Yes. I’d like to take this jacket back. I ordered it from your website last Friday, but the sleeves are too short.

assistant Do you have the receipt?

maya I haven’t printed it, but I used my store account and paid by debit card.

assistant That’s fine. Have you worn the jacket outside?

maya No, I haven’t. I only tried it on at home yesterday.

assistant I’ve found the order. We delivered a medium. Have you ever tried our longer-fit jackets?

maya No, I haven’t. Do you have one here?

assistant Yes. I’ll bring a medium and a large to the changing room. If one fits, we can exchange it today.

文の形

Why can Maya exchange the jacket without a paper receipt?

She bought it through her store account, and the assistant finds the digital purchase from last Friday.

Present perfect asks about experience or current condition; past simple locates the purchase at a finished time.

Have you bought…?
I ordered… last Friday.
Have you worn…?

追加の練習

Experience or finished past? c or ch?

An adult customer discussing a jacket return with a shop assistant.

present perfect: experience before now

use have/has + participle when the exact finished time is not stated or is not important

Have you ever bought clothes from an auction site?

past simple: finished time

use the past simple with yesterday, last…, ago, in 2024, or another finished time

I bought this coat three weeks ago.

present perfect opening → past simple details

begin with the life/recent experience, then ask when, where, what, or how much in the past simple

Have you been there? — Yes. I went last Saturday.

been vs gone

been means visited and returned; gone means went and is still away

Maya has been to the outlet. Owen has gone there now.

ever / never

use ever in experience questions and never for no experience up to now

Have you ever asked for a refund? I’ve never needed one.

c /k/ before a, o, u

c commonly sounds /k/ in cash, coat, customer, and card

The customer paid cash for the coat.

c /s/ before e, i, y

c commonly sounds /s/ in centre, city, and cycle

The city-centre cycle shop is closing.

ch /tʃ/ with exceptions

ch is usually /tʃ/ in changing and checkout; learn exceptions such as chemist /k/ and machine /ʃ/

The checkout machine is beside the changing room.

The coat with two histories

THE COAT WITH TWO HISTORIES

#SaturdayFind

I’ve bought second-hand clothes online before, but I’ve never collected an order from the seller’s workshop. Yesterday, I cycled across Leeds to meet Farah, who repairs old coats in a bright room above a bookshop.

The navy wool coat looked excellent in the photos, and the measurements on the website matched my size. When I tried it on, however, the right pocket felt unusually heavy. There was something inside: a small silver tram token from 1968 and a folded cinema ticket. Farah was surprised. She bought the coat at a house sale last month and checked the lining, but she didn’t look inside that pocket.

We searched for the cinema name online. The building still exists, although it is now a music venue. Farah offered me a refund because one button was also loose. I decided to keep the coat. She repaired the button while I waited and reduced the price by ten pounds.

I’ve already worn it on a cold evening walk, and it is warmer than my new jacket. The hidden objects did not make it valuable, but they made an ordinary purchase interesting. Next week, I’m taking the token to the city transport museum. Perhaps somebody there can tell me which tram line it came from.

Write a recent-experience post

MY FIRST POTTERY CLASS

#NewSkill

I’ve just completed my first pottery workshop, and I’m proud of one very imperfect blue cup. Last Saturday, I arrived at a small studio near the river. Everybody else seemed experienced, and I felt nervous because I couldn’t even keep the clay in the middle of the wheel.

After twenty minutes, my first cup fell sideways. The teacher didn’t make a joke or take over. She showed me how to slow the wheel and keep both hands still. I tried again, and this time the shape stayed upright. At the end, I painted it dark blue and wrote the date underneath.

The workshop was tiring but fascinating. I’ve already booked the next class for April. If you try pottery, wear old clothes and don’t expect a perfect first result—the useful part is learning how to repair a mistake.

What does a strong recent-experience post do?

It opens with the experience and current relevance, narrates specific past events, gives a reaction, and ends with a result or recommendation now.

The model changes from present perfect to past simple for the event and returns to the present for its result.

I’ve just…
Yesterday…
When…
I felt… because…
Now…
I’d recommend…

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最近の体験を伝える投稿の4つのステップ

最近したことを伝えるよい投稿は、4つの質問に順番に答えます。質問ごとに使う時制があります。

何が新しい？現在完了と、なぜ今それを書くのか。
何があった？終わった時と一緒に過去形で。
どう感じた？ -ed か -ing の言葉と、その理由。
今、何が違う？結果、または読む人へのアドバイス。

投稿の例：120〜150語

“My first dumpling class” のような短いタイトルを付けましょう。最初と最後は現在の時制、終わった時を含む文はすべて過去形になっている点に注目してください。

“I’ve just made dumplings for the first time, and my freezer is full of them. I’ve cooked Italian food for years, but I’ve never tried Chinese cooking before. Last Saturday, I went to a small evening class above a restaurant near the market. There were eight of us, and nobody knew anybody. At first, it was frustrating: my dumplings kept opening in the boiling water. The chef didn’t laugh. She showed me how to use less filling and press the edges twice. My second tray was much better. At the end, we ate some of them together, and the evening felt really relaxing. I’ve already booked the next class, on noodles. If you try it, go hungry and don’t worry about the shape of your first dumpling.”

現在完了か、過去形か？

時を言わないとき、今までの経験を言うとき、今に結果が残っているときは “have/has + 過去分詞” を使います。いつかを言ったら（yesterday、two weeks ago）、すぐに過去形にします。日本語の「〜た」は「ちょうど終わった」にも「昨日終わった」にも使えますが、英語では前者が “I’ve just finished.”、後者が “I finished yesterday.” です。“just” と “already” は過去分詞の前、“yet” は文の最後に置きます。

今の結果：“I’ve lost my keys, so I can’t get into the flat.”
経験（ever、never）：“Have you ever slept in a tent?” “No, I’ve never done that.” 日本語の「〜たことがある」に当たります。
just、already、yet：“I’ve just finished the report.” “We’ve already eaten.” “Have you replied yet?”
まず質問、それから詳細：“Have you been to the new market?” “Yes, I went on Sunday.”
been と gone：“Sara has been to Lisbon.” は行って帰ってきたこと、“Sara has gone to Lisbon.” は今そこにいることを表します。

短い会話：ジャケットを返品する

客が先週の金曜日にオンラインで注文したジャケットを返品しています。今までのことを表す “I haven’t printed it” や “Have you worn…?” と、終わった過去を表す “I used”、“paid”、“yesterday” を聞き比べましょう。

Assistant Do you have the receipt?

Maya I haven’t printed it, but I used my store account and paid by debit card.

Assistant That’s fine. Have you worn the jacket outside?

Maya No, I haven’t. I only tried it on at home yesterday.

自分に合った方法でこの単元を学ぶ

気持ちとその原因：-ed か -ing か？

投稿を読みたくさせるのは、あなたの反応です。-ed は人が感じる気持ち、-ing はその気持ちを引き起こすものを表します。日本語の「退屈だ」は “I’m bored” にも “It’s boring” にもなりますが、英語では区別します。“I was boring” は、自分が周りを退屈させたという意味になります。

“The meeting was boring, and I was bored after ten minutes.”
“It was a relaxing weekend; I came home completely relaxed.”
“The final was exciting, and the whole bar was excited.”
“The photos looked great, but the room was disappointing.”

よくある間違い

どれも簡単に直せます。

“I’ve been there last weekend.” 終わった時には過去形を使います：“I went there last weekend.”
“I was very boring at the party.” 自分の気持ちなら：“I was very bored.”
“Nobody didn’t come.” 日本語では「誰も来なかった」のように動詞も否定にしますが、“nobody” はそれだけで否定です：“Nobody came.” または “I didn’t see anybody.”
“He has gone to Rome three times.” 行って帰ってきた旅行なら：“He has been to Rome three times.”
話が終わったところでやめてしまう。結果やアドバイスがないと、投稿が途中で終わったように感じられます。

1日10分の練習法

今週実際にしたことを1つ選びましょう。

2分：会話を再生し、1文ごとに止めて繰り返します。
3分：現在完了で書き出しを1文、時を表す言葉の入った過去形の出来事を4つ書きます。
3分：-ed/-ing の反応を1つと、結果かアドバイスを加え、語数を数えます。目標は120〜150語です。
2分：声に出して読みます。“I’ve” の /v/ が /b/ にならないよう、上の歯を下唇に軽く当てて発音しましょう。

次のステップ

過去の出来事を今につなげられるようになったら、同じ基準で2つの選択肢を比べる文章、その次に根拠と行動をつなぐ予測メモに進みましょう。

よくある質問

英語の現在完了と過去形はどう使い分けますか？

時を言わないときや、結果が今大切なときは現在完了です。“I’ve lost my keys.” 経験を聞くときも同じです。“Have you ever…?” いつかを言ったら過去形にします。

現在完了は “yesterday” や “last week” と一緒に使えますか？

使えません。終わった時を表す言葉には過去形を使います。“I bought it last week.” “today” のようにまだ終わっていない時なら、現在完了が使えます。“I’ve had two coffees today.”

“bored” と “boring” の違いは何ですか？

“bored” は自分が感じる気持ち、“boring” はその気持ちを引き起こすものです。“I’m boring.” は、周りの人が自分を退屈な人だと思っているという意味になります。