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Práctica de inglés

Cómo escribir un perfil de candidato en inglés (B2): preguntas guía, preguntas indirectas y pruebas

An interviewer listens to a candidate across a table in a bright office.

Guía B2 para escribir en inglés el perfil breve de un candidato: tres preguntas guía, las formas de las preguntas directas e indirectas y las palabras que muestran cómo las pruebas cambiaron una primera impresión.

Un perfil de candidato guiado por preguntas cuenta una historia breve en tercera persona, de 150–190 palabras: primera impresión, prueba en contra, decisión y resultado posterior. Tres preguntas guía llevan al lector por esas etapas, así que deben estar bien formadas: “Who approved the emergency budget?” no lleva did, y “Could you tell me where the regional office is?” mantiene el orden de una afirmación. Es un tema de nivel B2 (intermedio alto) para adultos que hacen entrevistas, se presentan a ellas o escriben sobre compañeros de trabajo en inglés.

¿Para quién es este artículo?

  • Adultos de nivel intermedio alto que saben contar una historia en inglés, pero cuyos juicios sobre las personas todavía dependen de adjetivos como “great” o “confident”.
  • Reclutadores, jefes de equipo y miembros de comités de selección que escriben en inglés notas de entrevista o resúmenes de candidatos.
  • Personas que buscan trabajo y preparan entrevistas en inglés, y quieren hacer preguntas más precisas y poner límites con cortesía.
  • Demasiado pronto: si todavía te cuesta planificar un texto párrafo a párrafo, empieza por la descripción de una habitación en cuatro párrafos (B1), que practica la planificación y la valoración.
  • Demasiado fácil: si las preguntas indirectas y los juicios basados en pruebas ya te salen solos, pasa a un correo de presentación de nivel C1 que demuestra tus logros con pruebas.

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Tarjetas de vocabulario

gut feeling — noun phrase

an instinctive reaction that comes before conscious reasoning

Maya's gut feeling favoured the confident applicant, but the work sample pointed elsewhere.

foolproof — adjective

designed to prevent failure or misuse

The supposedly foolproof scoring sheet failed when two criteria contradicted each other.

light-hearted response — noun phrase

a deliberately amusing answer to a serious or awkward prompt

Owen gave a light-hearted response, then supplied the evidence the panel actually needed.

geek — informal count noun

an enthusiastic expert in a specialised subject

As a transport-data geek, Maya noticed that the route numbers followed an obsolete map.

work-life balance — noun phrase

the proportion and relationship between paid work and personal life

The candidate asked about work-life balance because the advertised rota included frequent weekends.

the point of something — noun phrase

the main purpose or reason for an activity or object

The point of the second interview was to observe collaboration, not reward the fastest answer.

good-natured rivalry — noun phrase

friendly competition without hostility

A good-natured rivalry between the two design teams improved both proposals.

job-seeker — count noun

a person actively looking for paid employment

The library opened a quiet room where job-seekers could attend online interviews.

Conversación

owen If you had to remove one meeting from our week, which would you choose?

maya The Monday status meeting. Its point is to uncover risks, but the dashboard already shows them.

owen How would you stop quieter colleagues from losing their chance to raise a concern?

maya I would give colleagues fifteen minutes to write down risks and ask the project lead to respond publicly by noon.

owen That answer tells me more than a puzzle about imaginary animals would.

maya Exactly. A demanding question should reveal judgment and consequences, not just reward confidence.

Estructura de la frase

What makes the profile coherent?

Each guiding question advances one causal stage: first impression, contrary evidence, decision, and later result.

The model uses questions as structure and evidence as the reason for change.

  • gut feeling
  • the point of
  • however
  • as a result
  • three months later

Más práctica

Why the obvious answer was wrong

An interviewer listens to a candidate across a table in a bright office.

The interview that changed the shortlist

What makes a candidate memorable? For Dara Malik, it was not a polished slogan. During an interview for an operations post, the panel asked what she usually did after a bad day at work. Dara admitted that she first took a silent walk around the building. Then she checked which decision had created the pressure and wrote one question for the colleague most affected.

Why did that answer matter? The company had recently lost two coordinators after repeated last-minute schedule changes. The panel's gut feeling had initially favoured another job-seeker, whose answers sounded more confident. Dara's concrete routine, however, showed how she separated emotion from evidence without pretending that stress never existed.

What happened next? In the practical task, a supposedly foolproof timetable produced two overlapping deliveries. Dara asked the warehouse lead to explain the constraint, revised one dependency, and preserved the drivers' breaks. She got the job. Three months later, her team adopted the same one-question review after difficult shifts, and avoidable schedule changes fell sharply.

Four kinds of direct question

An interviewer listens to a candidate across a table in a bright office.
auxiliary and modal inversion

Place be, have, or a modal before the subject in a direct question.

Why has the launch been delayed, and when can the supplier restart?

do / does / did

Add do, does, or did before the subject when a present- or past-simple question has no other auxiliary.

What does the role involve, and why did the previous coordinator leave?

negative question

Use a negative auxiliary to show surprise or check an expectation.

Didn't the agency send the revised figures yesterday?

preposition at the end

Keep a verb's dependent preposition at the end of an ordinary question.

Which department are you applying to?

subject question

When who, what, or which is the subject, use no do or did.

Who approved the emergency budget?

indirect word order

After the opening phrase, use subject before verb and remove do or did.

Could you tell me where the regional office is?

if / whether

Use if or whether to embed a yes-or-no question.

Do you know whether the panel has reached a decision?

answer boundary

Decline an unsuitable question politely without ending the exchange.

I'd rather not answer that if you don't mind, but I'm happy to discuss my relevant experience.

The complete indirect-question family

Can / Could you tell me…?

A polite request for information followed by statement word order.

Could you tell me when the second interview starts?

Do you know…?

Ask whether the listener has a fact; keep the embedded clause uninverted.

Do you know who manages the research team?

Do you think…?

Invite an opinion before an embedded question.

Do you think the role will involve international travel?

Do you remember…?

Ask someone to retrieve information from memory.

Do you remember where we saved the candidate notes?

Would you mind telling me…?

A cautious, formal request for potentially sensitive information.

Would you mind telling me why the position became vacant?

Do you have any idea…?

Ask for uncertain information, often when an answer may be difficult.

Do you have any idea how many applicants remain?

I wonder / I'm not sure / I can't remember / I'd like to know

Use statement word order after these non-question openings.

I wonder why the timetable changed; I'd like to know whether Friday is still possible.

Write a question-led profile

An interviewer listens to a candidate across a table in a bright office.

What makes the profile coherent?

Each guiding question advances one causal stage: first impression, contrary evidence, decision, and later result.

The model uses questions as structure and evidence as the reason for change.

  • gut feeling
  • the point of
  • however
  • as a result
  • three months later
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Tres preguntas guía, cuatro etapas

Cada pregunta abre un párrafo y hace avanzar la historia un paso, y cada paso necesita una razón. De un perfil modelo sobre una candidata a un puesto de operaciones:

  • Primera impresión: “What makes a candidate memorable?” “The panel’s gut feeling had initially favoured another job-seeker, whose answers sounded more confident.”
  • Prueba en contra: “Why did that answer matter?” Da algo observable: una rutina, el resultado de un ejercicio práctico.
  • Decisión: “What happened next?” “She got the job.”
  • Resultado posterior: una expresión de tiempo y una consecuencia. “Three months later, her team adopted the same one-question review.”

Palabras que separan impresiones de pruebas

Un cambio de opinión convence solo cuando se ve su causa. Usa el past perfect para el contexto anterior: “The company had recently lost two coordinators.”

  • Impresiones: seemed, sounded, appeared. “His answers sounded more confident.”
  • Pruebas: showed, revealed, demonstrated. “Her concrete routine showed how she separated emotion from evidence.”
  • Gut feeling: una reacción instintiva previa al razonamiento, una corazonada. Nunca es una prueba por sí sola.
  • Foolproof: diseñado para no fallar. “The supposedly foolproof scoring sheet failed when two criteria contradicted each other.”
  • Conectores: however, as a result, three months later.

Preguntas directas: cinco estructuras

El español no necesita un auxiliar como do para preguntar. En inglés, el auxiliar va delante del sujeto, con una excepción:

  • Primero be, have o un modal: “Why has the launch been delayed, and when can the supplier restart?”
  • Do, does o did cuando no hay otro auxiliar: “What does the role involve, and why did the previous coordinator leave?”
  • Sin do ni did cuando who o what es el sujeto: “Who approved the emergency budget?” Compara “Who did you call?” (aquí who es el objeto).
  • Las preguntas negativas comprueban una expectativa: “Didn’t the agency send the revised figures yesterday?”
  • La preposición va al final: “Which department are you applying to?” En español va delante (“¿A qué departamento…?”), pero en inglés lo natural es dejar to al final.

Preguntas indirectas: orden de afirmación

Tras una fórmula de cortesía, usa el orden de una afirmación y elimina do, does o did. En español decimos “¿Me puedes decir dónde está la oficina?”, con el verbo delante del sujeto, y por eso es fácil copiar ese orden. Las preguntas de sí o no necesitan if o whether, como el “si” de “¿Sabes si ya han decidido?”.

  • “Could you tell me when the second interview starts?” (no “when does the second interview start”)
  • “Do you know whether the panel has reached a decision?”
  • “Would you mind telling me why the position became vacant?” Es prudente y formal, adecuada para temas delicados.
  • Después de I wonder o I’d like to know, termina con punto: “I wonder why the timetable changed.”

Una pregunta exigente y su repregunta

Dos compañeros prueban una pregunta de entrevista antes de usarla con candidatos. Escucha: ¿por qué se podría eliminar la reunión del lunes y qué medida añade la repregunta?

Fíjate en el would final de “more than a puzzle … would”: sustituye a “would tell me” y evita repetir el verbo.

Owen If you had to remove one meeting from our week, which would you choose?

Maya The Monday status meeting. Its point is to uncover risks, but the dashboard already shows them.

Owen How would you stop quieter colleagues from losing their chance to raise a concern?

Maya I would give colleagues fifteen minutes to write down risks and ask the project lead to respond publicly by noon.

Owen That answer tells me more than a puzzle about imaginary animals would.

Maya Exactly. A demanding question should reveal judgment and consequences, not just reward confidence.

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Preguntas para comentar

Responde en voz alta con una razón y un ejemplo:

  • “Should managers be allowed to hire mainly on gut feeling?”
  • “Do interviews unfairly favour confident, fluent speakers?”
  • “Which interview question would you most dread, and why?”

Errores frecuentes

Revisa estos puntos en tu borrador:

  • “Could you tell me where is the office?” Di “where the office is”.
  • “Who did approve the budget?” En una pregunta de sujeto no hay did: “Who approved the budget?”
  • “I wonder why did the timetable change?” Di “I wonder why the timetable changed.”
  • Un cambio de opinión sin causa: “At first the panel doubted her, but then they liked her.” Nombra la prueba.
  • “She was amazing.” En su lugar, cuenta lo que vio el comité.

Práctica diaria de 10 minutos

Inventa un candidato de tu sector y escribe el perfil completo el fin de semana.

  • 3 minutos: convierte cinco preguntas de tu trabajo en indirectas, cada una con una fórmula distinta.
  • 3 minutos: pregunta por un mismo hecho en las dos direcciones: “Who called the client?” / “Who did the client call?”
  • 2 minutos: planifica tres preguntas guía, una línea por etapa.
  • 2 minutos: escribe la frase de la prueba con showed o revealed.

Siguiente paso

En B2, sigue con la respuesta por correo a una noticia de salud, la ampliación de un borrador de 50 palabras hasta convertirlo en un relato y un texto equilibrado sobre cursos de aventura en el trabajo. En C1, demostrarás tus propios logros con pruebas en un correo de presentación.

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Cuál es el orden de las palabras en una pregunta indirecta?

El de una afirmación, sin do, does ni did: “Where is the regional office?” se convierte en “Could you tell me where the regional office is?” En las preguntas de sí o no, añade if o whether.

¿Cuándo no se usa do o did en una pregunta?

Cuando who, what o which es el sujeto: “Who approved the emergency budget?” Si es el objeto, añade did: “Who did the panel choose?”

¿Cómo rechazar con cortesía una pregunta de entrevista en inglés?

Declina brevemente y ofrece algo relevante: “I’d rather not answer that if you don’t mind, but I’m happy to discuss my relevant experience.”

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