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Práctica de inglés

Cómo escribir sobre una experiencia reciente en inglés (B1 preintermedio): present perfect, past simple y el resultado de hoy

An adult customer discussing a jacket return with a shop assistant.

Guía de nivel B1 preintermedio (A2–B1) para escribir en inglés una publicación de 120–150 palabras sobre algo que acabas de hacer: present perfect para la noticia, past simple para los detalles, reacciones con -ed/-ing y un resultado o un consejo al final.

Escribe sobre una experiencia reciente en cuatro pasos. Empieza con la noticia en present perfect: “I’ve just made dumplings for the first time, and my freezer is full of them.” Pasa al past simple en cuanto digas cuándo ocurrió: “Last Saturday, I went to a small cooking class above a restaurant.” Después añade un sentimiento con su causa y termina con el resultado de hoy o un consejo. Esta guía es para adultos de nivel B1 (preintermedio, A2–B1); con 10 minutos al día es suficiente.

¿Para quién es este artículo?

  • Adultos de nivel preintermedio que saben contar algo en pasado pero dudan entre “I’ve done” y “I did”.
  • Quien quiere publicar en inglés sobre una clase, un viaje, un concierto o una compra, en redes sociales o en el chat del trabajo.
  • Quienes preparan una tarea escrita que pide un correo, una entrada de blog o una publicación corta sobre algo que pasó hace poco.
  • Demasiado pronto: si las formas de past simple como went, bought o tried todavía te frenan, practícalas primero por separado con el artículo de nivel B1 sobre una historia de viaje corta con un punto de giro.
  • Demasiado fácil: si ya cambias entre los dos tiempos sin pensar, pasa al present perfect continuous (“I’ve been learning…”) de nivel intermedio.

Abrir las páginas de muestra

Abrir las páginas de muestra

Tarjetas de vocabulario

changing room

a private place in a shop where customers try on clothes

The changing rooms are behind the shoe department.

checkout

the place or screen where purchases are paid for

There was only one checkout open, so the queue was long.

customer

a person who buys or uses a shop’s goods or services

The assistant found another size for the customer.

receipt

a paper or digital record showing what you bought and paid

Keep the receipt in case the jacket does not fit.

shop assistant

a person who helps customers and sells goods in a shop

A shop assistant showed me where the coats were.

size

the standard measurement that shows how large clothing or footwear is

Do you have this shirt in a larger size?

suit

look attractive or appropriate on a particular person

That shade of green really suits you.

take back

return an item to a shop, usually for a refund or exchange

I’m taking the trousers back because they’re too short.

Conversación

assistant Hello. Can I help you?

maya Yes. I’d like to take this jacket back. I ordered it from your website last Friday, but the sleeves are too short.

assistant Do you have the receipt?

maya I haven’t printed it, but I used my store account and paid by debit card.

assistant That’s fine. Have you worn the jacket outside?

maya No, I haven’t. I only tried it on at home yesterday.

assistant I’ve found the order. We delivered a medium. Have you ever tried our longer-fit jackets?

maya No, I haven’t. Do you have one here?

assistant Yes. I’ll bring a medium and a large to the changing room. If one fits, we can exchange it today.

Estructura de la frase

Why can Maya exchange the jacket without a paper receipt?

She bought it through her store account, and the assistant finds the digital purchase from last Friday.

Present perfect asks about experience or current condition; past simple locates the purchase at a finished time.

  • Have you bought…?
  • I ordered… last Friday.
  • Have you worn…?

Más práctica

Experience or finished past? c or ch?

An adult customer discussing a jacket return with a shop assistant.
present perfect: experience before now

use have/has + participle when the exact finished time is not stated or is not important

Have you ever bought clothes from an auction site?

past simple: finished time

use the past simple with yesterday, last…, ago, in 2024, or another finished time

I bought this coat three weeks ago.

present perfect opening → past simple details

begin with the life/recent experience, then ask when, where, what, or how much in the past simple

Have you been there? — Yes. I went last Saturday.

been vs gone

been means visited and returned; gone means went and is still away

Maya has been to the outlet. Owen has gone there now.

ever / never

use ever in experience questions and never for no experience up to now

Have you ever asked for a refund? I’ve never needed one.

c /k/ before a, o, u

c commonly sounds /k/ in cash, coat, customer, and card

The customer paid cash for the coat.

c /s/ before e, i, y

c commonly sounds /s/ in centre, city, and cycle

The city-centre cycle shop is closing.

ch /tʃ/ with exceptions

ch is usually /tʃ/ in changing and checkout; learn exceptions such as chemist /k/ and machine /ʃ/

The checkout machine is beside the changing room.

The coat with two histories

An adult customer discussing a jacket return with a shop assistant.

THE COAT WITH TWO HISTORIES

#SaturdayFind

I’ve bought second-hand clothes online before, but I’ve never collected an order from the seller’s workshop. Yesterday, I cycled across Leeds to meet Farah, who repairs old coats in a bright room above a bookshop.

The navy wool coat looked excellent in the photos, and the measurements on the website matched my size. When I tried it on, however, the right pocket felt unusually heavy. There was something inside: a small silver tram token from 1968 and a folded cinema ticket. Farah was surprised. She bought the coat at a house sale last month and checked the lining, but she didn’t look inside that pocket.

We searched for the cinema name online. The building still exists, although it is now a music venue. Farah offered me a refund because one button was also loose. I decided to keep the coat. She repaired the button while I waited and reduced the price by ten pounds.

I’ve already worn it on a cold evening walk, and it is warmer than my new jacket. The hidden objects did not make it valuable, but they made an ordinary purchase interesting. Next week, I’m taking the token to the city transport museum. Perhaps somebody there can tell me which tram line it came from.

Write a recent-experience post

An adult customer discussing a jacket return with a shop assistant.

MY FIRST POTTERY CLASS

#NewSkill

I’ve just completed my first pottery workshop, and I’m proud of one very imperfect blue cup. Last Saturday, I arrived at a small studio near the river. Everybody else seemed experienced, and I felt nervous because I couldn’t even keep the clay in the middle of the wheel.

After twenty minutes, my first cup fell sideways. The teacher didn’t make a joke or take over. She showed me how to slow the wheel and keep both hands still. I tried again, and this time the shape stayed upright. At the end, I painted it dark blue and wrote the date underneath.

The workshop was tiring but fascinating. I’ve already booked the next class for April. If you try pottery, wear old clothes and don’t expect a perfect first result—the useful part is learning how to repair a mistake.

What does a strong recent-experience post do?

It opens with the experience and current relevance, narrates specific past events, gives a reaction, and ends with a result or recommendation now.

The model changes from present perfect to past simple for the event and returns to the present for its result.

  • I’ve just…
  • Yesterday…
  • When…
  • I felt… because…
  • Now…
  • I’d recommend…
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Los cuatro pasos de una publicación sobre una experiencia reciente

Una buena publicación sobre algo que acabas de hacer responde a cuatro preguntas en orden, y cada una tiene su tiempo verbal:

  • ¿Qué hay de nuevo? Present perfect, y por qué lo cuentas ahora.
  • ¿Qué pasó? Past simple, con momentos terminados.
  • ¿Cómo te sentiste? Una palabra con -ed o -ing y su causa.
  • ¿Qué es distinto ahora? Un resultado o un consejo para quien lee.

Una publicación modelo: 120–150 palabras

Ponle un título corto, como “My first dumpling class”. Fíjate en el presente al principio y al final, y en el past simple en cada frase con un momento terminado.

“I’ve just made dumplings for the first time, and my freezer is full of them. I’ve cooked Italian food for years, but I’ve never tried Chinese cooking before. Last Saturday, I went to a small evening class above a restaurant near the market. There were eight of us, and nobody knew anybody. At first, it was frustrating: my dumplings kept opening in the boiling water. The chef didn’t laugh. She showed me how to use less filling and press the edges twice. My second tray was much better. At the end, we ate some of them together, and the evening felt really relaxing. I’ve already booked the next class, on noodles. If you try it, go hungry and don’t worry about the shape of your first dumpling.”

¿Present perfect o past simple?

Usa have/has + participio cuando no dices cuándo, para la experiencia hasta hoy y para un resultado que se ve ahora. En cuanto dices cuándo (yesterday, two weeks ago), cambia al past simple. Ojo: en España se dice “Esta mañana he ido al banco”, pero en inglés, si la mañana ya terminó, se dice “I went to the bank this morning.” Y el “¿Ya comiste?” de gran parte de Latinoamérica es “Have you eaten yet?” en inglés británico. Just y already van antes del participio; yet, al final.

  • Resultado ahora: “I’ve lost my keys, so I can’t get into the flat.”
  • Experiencia (ever, never): “Have you ever slept in a tent?” “No, I’ve never done that.”
  • just, already, yet: “I’ve just finished the report.” “We’ve already eaten.” “Have you replied yet?”
  • Primero la pregunta, luego los detalles: “Have you been to the new market?” “Yes, I went on Sunday.”
  • been o gone: “Sara has been to Lisbon.” significa que fue y volvió; “Sara has gone to Lisbon.” significa que está allí ahora.

Una conversación corta: devolver una chaqueta

Una clienta devuelve una chaqueta que pidió por internet el viernes pasado. Fíjate en “I haven’t printed it” y “Have you worn…?” (hasta ahora) frente a “I used”, “paid” y “yesterday” (pasado terminado).

Assistant Do you have the receipt?

Maya I haven’t printed it, but I used my store account and paid by debit card.

Assistant That’s fine. Have you worn the jacket outside?

Maya No, I haven’t. I only tried it on at home yesterday.

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Sentimientos y sus causas: ¿-ed o -ing?

Tu reacción es lo que hace interesante una publicación. La forma en -ed describe cómo se siente una persona; la forma en -ing, lo que causa ese sentimiento. En español “aburrido” sirve para las dos cosas (“estoy aburrido”, “es aburrido”); en inglés son dos palabras: “bored” y “boring”. “I was boring” significa que aburriste a los demás.

  • “The meeting was boring, and I was bored after ten minutes.”
  • “It was a relaxing weekend; I came home completely relaxed.”
  • “The final was exciting, and the whole bar was excited.”
  • “The photos looked great, but the room was disappointing.”

Errores frecuentes

Todos tienen un arreglo fácil:

  • “I’ve been there last weekend.” Un momento terminado pide past simple: “I went there last weekend.”
  • “I was very boring at the party.” Si hablas de cómo te sentías: “I was very bored.”
  • “Nobody didn’t come.” En español decimos “No vino nadie”, con dos negaciones; en inglés “nobody” ya es negativo: “Nobody came.” O bien: “I didn’t see anybody.”
  • “He has gone to Rome three times.” Para visitas de ida y vuelta: “He has been to Rome three times.”
  • Parar cuando acaba la historia: sin un resultado o un consejo, la publicación parece incompleta.

Rutina de práctica de 10 minutos al día

Elige algo real de esta semana.

  • 2 minutos: pon la conversación, para después de cada frase y repítela.
  • 3 minutos: escribe una frase inicial en present perfect y cuatro hechos en past simple, cada uno con su momento.
  • 3 minutos: añade una reacción con -ed/-ing y un resultado o un consejo; cuenta las palabras: 120–150.
  • 2 minutos: lee tu texto en voz alta y pronuncia la /v/ de “I’ve” con los dientes sobre el labio inferior, no como una /b/.

Qué viene después

Cuando ya sepas conectar un hecho pasado con el presente, practica cómo comparar dos opciones con los mismos criterios y, después, cómo escribir una previsión que conecte datos con acciones.

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Cuándo se usa el present perfect y cuándo el past simple en inglés?

Usa el present perfect cuando no dices cuándo o el resultado importa ahora (“I’ve lost my keys.”), y para la experiencia (“Have you ever…?”). En cuanto dices cuándo, usa el past simple.

¿Se puede usar el present perfect con “yesterday” o “last week”?

No. Las expresiones de tiempo terminado piden past simple: “I bought it last week.” Con tiempos que no han terminado, como today, el present perfect funciona: “I’ve had two coffees today.”

¿Qué diferencia hay entre “bored” y “boring”?

“Bored” es cómo te sientes; “boring” es lo que te hace sentir así. “I’m boring.” significa que los demás te encuentran aburrido.

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