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영어 연습

TOEFL iBT Listening “Listen to a Conversation”: 계획과 조건, 누가 무엇을 하는지 따라가는 법

Two adults discuss a practical plan at a community event desk.

2026년에 도입된 TOEFL iBT 형식의 “Listen to a Conversation” 과제: 목표·장애물·계획 파악하기, 제안과 약속 구분하기, 예비 계획을 조건과 함께 듣기, 태도 변화 알아차리기. B1 이상 수험생을 위한 안내.

TOEFL iBT의 “Listen to a Conversation” 과제에서는 두 사람의 짧은 대화를 한 번만 듣고 그에 관한 객관식 문제에 답합니다. 이런 대화의 상당수는 실용적인 내용으로, 목표가 있고 장애물이 생기고 계획이 정해집니다. 네 가지를 구분하세요. 제안만 된 것, 합의된 것, 각 일을 누가 맡는지, 그리고 조건이 충족될 때만 일어나는 것입니다. 이 글은 2026년에 도입된 TOEFL iBT 형식을 기준으로 하며, 중급(B1) 이상의 수험생에게 맞습니다.

이 글이 맞는 분

  • 2026년에 도입된 TOEFL iBT 형식을 준비하며, 일상 대화는 이해하지만 계획과 다음 단계를 묻는 문제에서 점수를 잃는 수험생.
  • 모든 문장을 이해하고도 “What will the man do?”에 여자가 제안한 일이나, 첫 계획이 실패할 때만 실행되는 예비 계획을 고르는 학습자.
  • 누가 무엇을 제안했고, 누가 동의했고, 누가 책임지는지 그룹의 결정을 영어로 분명하게 전하고 싶은 학생.
  • 아직 이릅니다: 짧은 대화에서 누가 무슨 말을 했는지 자주 놓친다면, 짧은 발화 하나에 알맞은 응답을 고르는 과제부터 시작하세요(아래 링크).
  • 너무 쉽습니다: 한 번 듣고 대화의 계획과 조건, 각자의 역할을 요약할 수 있다면 안내 방송과 강의 듣기로 넘어가세요(아래 링크).

예시 학습 페이지 열기

예시 학습 페이지 열기

단어 카드

Personal · group projects

Think of a group project you took part in. Did everyone do their share? What made the difference?

Useful: ‘One person offered to…, but…’ · ‘In the end, we agreed that…’ · ‘Looking back, we should have…’

Campus and society · teams at work

Should every task at work have one named owner, or does that make people less willing to help each other?

Useful: ‘Having one owner means that…’ · ‘On the other hand, people might…’ · ‘In my experience, teams work best when…’

대화

Maya We need somewhere quiet to record our project introduction.

Owen The small study room is free, but its ventilation system is rather noisy.

Maya Then being free isn’t enough. We need a place where our voices will be clear.

Owen We could ask to use the meeting room after the staff session ends.

Maya Good idea. I’ll check when they finish before we move the equipment.

문장 형태

  1. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    One student suggests ______ a room.

    정답과 해설 보기

    booking

    Suggest is followed by the -ing form (or a that-clause), never by to + verb.

  2. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Another agrees ______ a room is necessary.

    정답과 해설 보기

    that

    Agree that + clause reports an opinion; agree to + verb reports a commitment.

  3. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    If the library is full, Jonas ______ ask the department office.

    정답과 해설 보기

    will

    A backup plan uses the first conditional: if + present simple, will + base verb.

  4. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    For this reason, many teachers now ask student groups ______ who agreed to do what at the end of every meeting.

    정답과 해설 보기

    to record

    Ask + person + to + base verb reports a request: ask student groups to record.

  5. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    For this reason, many teachers now ask student groups to record who agreed ______ what at the end of every meeting.

    정답과 해설 보기

    to do

    Agree to + base verb reports a commitment to act.

  6. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Yet roles have limits, and some researchers warn ______ treating them as a complete answer.

    정답과 해설 보기

    against

    Warn against + -ing tells people not to do something.

  7. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    In any planning conversation, the key question is not only what the group decided, but who agreed to do it, by when, and what ______ if the first plan fails.

    정답과 해설 보기

    happens

    In an embedded question, what is the subject, so there is no auxiliary: what happens if…

추가 연습

Track the Goal and the Obstacle — worked model

Two adults discuss a practical plan at a community event desk.

Maya We need somewhere quiet to record our project introduction.

Owen The small study room is free, but its ventilation system is rather noisy.

Maya Then being free isn’t enough. We need a place where our voices will be clear.

Owen We could ask to use the meeting room after the staff session ends.

Maya Good idea. I’ll check when they finish before we move the equipment.

Listen for the main information

  1. What do the speakers need to prepare?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Forty handouts for a noon briefing

    Maya states that forty volunteer handouts are needed before the noon briefing.

  2. What is the immediate equipment problem?

    정답과 해설 보기

    The colour printer keeps jamming

    Owen says the colour printer jams, while the downstairs black-and-white machine works.

  3. Why is Maya initially unsure about black-and-white printing?

    정답과 해설 보기

    The map uses colour to distinguish activity areas

    Maya worries that people could confuse areas when the map’s colours disappear.

Listen for relationships and next steps

  1. What solution does Owen suggest?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Add area names and different border patterns

    Names and border patterns preserve distinctions without depending on colour.

  2. What will Owen do before printing all the copies?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Check the revised map and print one sample

    Owen agrees to check labels and print a sample before the full run.

  3. What priority does Maya express at the end?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Clear information before the approaching briefing

    She explicitly values a readable map over colour because the briefing is close.

Review the recording and transfer the skill

Maya The volunteer handouts need to be ready before the briefing at noon. We need forty copies.

Owen I tried the colour printer, but it keeps jamming. The black-and-white machine downstairs is working.

Maya That could work, except the map uses different colours for the activity areas. Without those colours, people might confuse the areas.

Owen Could we add a name and a different border pattern to each area? Then the map would still make sense in black and white.

Maya Yes, that would be clearer. I’ll change the map now. Could you check the revised version before we print all forty copies?

Owen Of course. I’ll check the labels and print one sample first. If the sample is clear, we can use the machine downstairs.

Maya Great. A readable map matters more than a colourful page, especially with the briefing so close.

Your open task

  • Summarise the goal, obstacle and solution without reading the transcript aloud.
  • Explain why the solution preserves the purpose of the handout.
  • Negotiate a different practical problem with your teacher, including a clear next action.

Notice Attitude Without Taking Every Word Literally — worked model

Two adults discuss a practical plan at a community event desk.

Owen I was worried our interview would sound too formal.

Maya The opening question helped. It gave the guest a chance to talk about a familiar experience.

Owen Yes, the conversation felt much more natural after that.

Maya We still need clearer follow-up questions, though.

Owen I agree. A relaxed opening doesn’t solve every problem.

Listen for these relationships

  • Was worried marks an earlier concern; felt more natural signals improvement.
  • Still and though introduce a remaining limitation.
  • The speakers agree on progress without claiming that the work is perfect.
  • Listen across the exchange rather than assigning one attitude from the first sentence.

Listen for the main information

  1. How does Maya initially react to the proposal?

    정답과 해설 보기

    She is concerned that another survey could create too much work

    Her opening response worries about collecting more feedback than the team can act on.

  2. Why does Owen mention the number of questions?

    정답과 해설 보기

    To show that the form is short and manageable

    Only four questions addresses Maya’s concern about an overly long survey.

  3. What does Maya clarify about her first reaction?

    정답과 해설 보기

    She thought Owen meant another long questionnaire

    Maya says she had assumed a long questionnaire was being proposed again.

Listen for relationships and next steps

  1. What does Owen suggest doing with the comments?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Look for repeated concerns

    He proposes finding repeated concerns rather than treating every comment as its own project.

  2. What does Maya mean by Collecting them is the easy part?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Reading and using the comments will require planning

    The statement emphasises the later work of reviewing feedback, which is why she asks who will do it.

  3. What is the final agreed plan?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Try the form for a week and discuss the organised themes next Friday

    They agree to a one-week trial; Owen will organise comments for a discussion next Friday.

Review the recording and transfer the skill

Owen I’ve drafted a feedback form for people using the new study area. Could you look at it?

Maya Another survey? We might spend longer collecting feedback than fixing the problems people tell us about.

Owen I understand the concern, but this one has only four questions. Two ask about noise and lighting, one asks when people usually visit, and the last leaves space for a suggestion.

Maya Four questions is more manageable. I thought you were proposing a long questionnaire again.

Owen No. We can leave the cards near the exit for a week and look for repeated concerns, rather than treating every comment as a separate project.

Maya That makes sense. Let’s try it for one week, but decide in advance who will read the cards. Collecting them is the easy part.

Owen I’ll organise the comments, and we can discuss the main themes together next Friday.

Your open task

  • Explain how Maya’s position changes and identify the language that shows it.
  • Restate her final concern in direct, non-figurative language.
  • Discuss a small improvement project with your teacher and agree how feedback would be used.

Keep Conditions and Responsibilities Separate — worked model

Two adults discuss a practical plan at a community event desk.

Maya Can you bring the display boards to the hall?

Owen Yes, if someone can unlock the store cupboard first.

Maya I’ll ask reception for the key. If the receptionist is away, I’ll call the building manager.

Owen Then I’ll wait by the cupboard. There’s no point carrying the empty stands over yet.

Listen for these relationships

  • Owen’s agreement depends on access to the cupboard.
  • Main action: Maya asks reception for a key.
  • Backup action: call the manager only if the receptionist is away.
  • Do not turn a conditional backup into something that has already happened.

Listen for the main information

  1. What timing problem do the speakers face?

    정답과 해설 보기

    The usual room opening leaves little time to test the microphone

    The room normally opens at 10:45 and the event starts at 11, leaving only fifteen minutes for testing.

  2. Which option do they prefer to try first?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Ask for the room to be unlocked at 10:15

    They agree to try early access before changing the advertised start time.

  3. Why does Owen prefer to keep the eleven o’clock start?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Attendees have already planned around that time

    Owen says people have already arranged to come at eleven.

Listen for relationships and next steps

  1. What is Maya’s role if early access is granted?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Meet the guest while Owen tests the microphone

    The agreed division is Maya collecting the guest and Owen testing the microphone.

  2. What should Owen do if early access is refused?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Phone Maya before she leaves for the station

    Maya asks for a call before departure so she can consult the coordinator about another room.

  3. Which action has not yet been agreed?

    정답과 해설 보기

    Changing the discussion’s start time

    Maya explicitly says not to announce a new start time unless they agree on one.

Review the recording and transfer the skill

Maya Our guest reaches the station at ten forty, and the discussion begins at eleven. I can meet her, but the microphone still needs testing.

Owen I can test it if we can get into the room early. The usual opening time is ten forty-five.

Maya That leaves very little time. We could delay the discussion, or ask the building team to unlock the room at ten fifteen.

Owen Let’s try early access first. People have already arranged to come at eleven, so I’d rather keep that time.

Maya Agreed. Please call the building team now. If they can unlock it early, you can test the microphone while I collect the guest.

Owen And if they can’t?

Maya Phone me before I leave for the station. I’ll ask the event coordinator whether another room is available. Don’t announce a new start time unless we agree on one.

Owen Understood. I’ll check access first and let you know the result.

Your open task

  • Give a short briefing that separates the main plan, the condition and the backup.
  • Explain each person’s responsibility in your own words.
  • Negotiate a new plan with your teacher and include one clear if-condition.

Reporting plans and commitments in the passage

  1. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    One student suggests ______ a room.

    정답과 해설 보기

    booking

    Suggest is followed by the -ing form (or a that-clause), never by to + verb.

  2. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Another agrees ______ a room is necessary.

    정답과 해설 보기

    that

    Agree that + clause reports an opinion; agree to + verb reports a commitment.

  3. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    If the library is full, Jonas ______ ask the department office.

    정답과 해설 보기

    will

    A backup plan uses the first conditional: if + present simple, will + base verb.

  4. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    For this reason, many teachers now ask student groups ______ who agreed to do what at the end of every meeting.

    정답과 해설 보기

    to record

    Ask + person + to + base verb reports a request: ask student groups to record.

  5. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    For this reason, many teachers now ask student groups to record who agreed ______ what at the end of every meeting.

    정답과 해설 보기

    to do

    Agree to + base verb reports a commitment to act.

  6. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    Yet roles have limits, and some researchers warn ______ treating them as a complete answer.

    정답과 해설 보기

    against

    Warn against + -ing tells people not to do something.

  7. Choose the words that complete the sentence from the passage.

    In any planning conversation, the key question is not only what the group decided, but who agreed to do it, by when, and what ______ if the first plan fails.

    정답과 해설 보기

    happens

    In an embedded question, what is the subject, so there is no auxiliary: what happens if…

이 단원 배우기
어떻게 배우고 싶나요?
계정이 있나요?

무료 계정은 한 단원을 계속 열어 둘 수 있습니다.

과제는 무엇을 요구하나요?

주로 학생이나 동료인 두 사람이 실용적인 문제를 이야기합니다. 음성은 한 번만 재생되고, 문제는 대화 속 문제점, 세부 내용, 화자의 태도, 다음 단계를 물을 수 있습니다. 들으면서 세 가지 표시를 머릿속에 두세요.

  • 목표는 정확하게: 또렷하게 녹음할 만큼 조용한 곳과 그냥 빈방은 같은 목표가 아닙니다.
  • 장애물: 뻔한 해결책을 막는 것. but, except, the problem is 뒤에 자주 나옵니다.
  • 계획: 최종적으로 정한 방법, 각 부분을 누가 맡는지, 어떤 조건인지.

직접 해 보기: 비어 있지만 조용하지 않은 방

시험처럼 한 번만 듣고 목표, 장애물, 계획을 표시해 보세요.

Maya We need somewhere quiet to record our project introduction.

Owen The small study room is free, but its ventilation system is rather noisy.

Maya Then being free isn’t enough. We need a place where our voices will be clear.

Owen We could ask to use the meeting room after the staff session ends.

Maya Good idea. I’ll check when they finish before we move the equipment.

Maya가 맡은 일은 무엇인가요?

제안인가, 동의인가, 약속인가?

아이디어는 결정이 아니고, 결정은 아직 끝난 행동이 아닙니다. 각 문장을 표현으로 분류하세요.

  • 제안: “We could ask…”, “Why don’t we…?”, “How about…?”
  • 동의: “Good idea.”, “That makes sense.”, “Agreed.”
  • 약속: “I’ll check when they finish.” 말하는 순간 내린 결정을 나타내는 will은 새로운 약속의 신호입니다.
  • 요청: “Please call the building team now.” 상대가 받아들이면 그 사람의 일이 됩니다.
  • 합의되지 않음: “Don’t announce a new start time unless we agree on one.”
  • 나중에 전달하기: “He suggested asking for the room”(suggest + -ing), “She agreed to check the time”(약속), “They agreed that a room was necessary”(의견).

주 계획, 조건, 예비 계획

예비 계획은 보통 first conditional이라고 부르는 조건문(if + 현재 시제, will + 동사원형)으로 말하며, 조건이 실제로 이루어질 때만 실행됩니다.

  • 주 행동: “I’ll ask reception for the key.”
  • 예비 계획: “If the receptionist is away, I’ll call the building manager.” 아직 아무도 전화하지 않았습니다.
  • 조건이 붙은 승낙: “Yes, if someone can unlock the store cupboard first.”
  • 결과에 따라 정해지는 역할: “If they can unlock it early, you can test the microphone while I collect the guest.”
  • unless는 if not의 뜻입니다: “unless we agree on one”은 합의 없이는 새 시작 시간도 없다는 뜻입니다.
나에게 맞는 방법으로 이 단원 배우기

화자의 입장이 바뀔 때

첫 반응이 마지막 입장이라는 보장은 없으니 대화 전체를 들으세요.

  • 누그러진 의심: “Another survey?”는 반대처럼 들리지만, 설문지가 짧다는 것을 알고 나서 같은 사람이 “Four questions is more manageable.”이라고 말합니다. 걱정한 것은 일의 양이었습니다.
  • 남은 한계: still과 though는 아직 해결되지 않은 부분을 나타냅니다: “We still need clearer follow-up questions, though.”
  • 함축된 의미: “Collecting them is the easy part”는 의견을 읽고 활용하는 데 아직 계획이 필요하다는 뜻입니다.

흔한 실수

오답은 들은 단어를 되풀이하면서 사람이나 시점을 바꾸는 경우가 많습니다. 한국어에서는 ‘확인할게요’(약속)와 ‘물어볼까요?’(제안)처럼 어미가 약속과 제안을 구분해 주는데, 영어에서는 “I’ll…”과 “We could…”, “Why don’t we…?” 같은 표현이 그 역할을 합니다. 또 한국어는 주어를 자주 생략하지만, 영어 대화에서는 I, you, we가 누가 할 일인지 알려 줍니다.

  • “We could ask…”를 결정으로 받아들이는 것.
  • 예비 계획을 주 계획으로 바꾸는 것.
  • 일을 다른 화자에게 돌리는 것: I, you, we를 잘 들으세요.
  • “I’ll check”를 이미 확인이 끝났다는 뜻으로 받아들이는 것.

15분 연습 루틴

스크립트가 있는 연습용 대화를 사용하세요.

  • 한 번 듣고, 다시 듣기 전에 문제를 풉니다.
  • 두 번째로 들으며 누가, 무엇을, 어떤 조건에서 하는지 적습니다.
  • 스크립트에서 제안, 약속, if, unless에 밑줄을 긋고 각 답의 근거가 된 문장을 찾습니다.
  • suggested, agreed to, will을 써서 계획을 소리 내어 요약합니다.

다음 단계

한 번 듣고 계획을 다른 사람에게 설명할 수 있게 되면 안내 방송과 강의 듣기로 넘어가세요. 말하기 연습으로는 이 질문을 토론해 보세요: “Should every task at work have one named owner?”

자주 묻는 질문

TOEFL iBT의 “Listen to a Conversation”은 무엇인가요?

2026년에 도입된 TOEFL iBT 형식의 Listening 과제입니다. 두 사람의 짧은 대화를 한 번 듣고 그에 관한 객관식 문제에 답합니다.

“What will the speaker do next?” 문제는 어떻게 푸나요?

그 화자가 일을 맡는 문장(“I’ll…”)이나 요청을 받아들이는 문장을 찾으세요. 제안만 된 아이디어와 조건에 달린 예비 계획은 흔한 오답입니다.

단어를 다 알아들었는데 왜 TOEFL 대화 문제를 틀릴까요?

오답은 녹음에 나온 단어를 그대로 쓰면서 행동하는 사람, 시점, 조건을 바꾸는 경우가 많습니다.

Flalingo는 TOEFL을 주관하는 기관과 제휴 관계가 없으며 해당 기관의 승인을 받지 않았습니다.

이 단원 배우기
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