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영어 연습

조건문과 가정법 과거 구분하기 (B1): 현실적인 계획과 꿈의 계획을 나눈 영어 집 제안서 쓰기

Two friends inspect a neglected suburban house while holding renovation plans.

B1 수준에서 집을 영어로 묘사하고, 비용이 마련된 다음 단계(“if” + 현재, “will”)와 바람일 뿐인 아이디어(“if” + 과거, “would”)를 구분하는 130~160단어 제안서를 쓰는 방법을 정리했어요.

영어로 쓰는 좋은 집 제안서는 집이 어디에 있는지 말하고, 무엇을 먼저 할지 정하는 약점 하나를 짚고, 두 종류의 계획을 분명히 나눠요. 실제로 비용을 낼 수 있는 단계는 조건문(first conditional)으로 써요. “If the owner installs a handrail, we will ask for an inspection.” 상상만 할 수 있는 아이디어는 가정법 과거(second conditional)로 써요. “If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen.” 이 글은 B1(중급) 수준으로, 계획을 세울 때 “will”과 “would”를 헷갈리는 성인을 위한 내용이에요.

이 글이 맞는 분

  • “if + 과거, would” 규칙은 외웠지만 계획을 세울 때는 “will”과 “would”를 거의 감으로 고르는 중급 성인.
  • 집을 구하거나, 함께 살거나, 리모델링을 하거나, 회사에서 제안서를 쓰면서 확정된 것과 좋은 아이디어일 뿐인 것을 나눠야 하는 분.
  • 집을 “nice”와 “big”으로만 묘사하고 “on the outskirts”, “cosy”, “spacious”, “attic”, “terrace” 같은 정확한 단어를 쓰고 싶은 분.
  • 아직 이르다면: “must”, “can”, “don’t”로 순서 있는 안내를 쓰는 것도 아직 어렵다면, 규칙과 선택을 구분하는 초중급 첫날 안내문부터 시작하세요.
  • 너무 쉽다면: 현실적인 계획과 바람을 이미 자연스럽게 나눈다면, B2로 넘어가 추측을 사실처럼 말하지 않고 사진을 묘사해 보세요.

예시 학습 페이지 열기

예시 학습 페이지 열기

단어 카드

locates and describes the property

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate.

identifies one decisive weakness

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

The main weakness is the attic staircase.

separates funded conditions from imagined improvements

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom.

ends with a conditional recommendation

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.

대화

maya I thought the basement could become a shared kitchen, but the surveyor found water behind the back wall.

owen So what happens if the owner doesn't repair it?

maya If it stays damp, we won't use the basement at all. We'll put the kitchen on the ground floor and reduce the number of bedrooms.

owen That changes the budget. What would you do if money weren't a problem?

maya I'd repair the basement, widen the entrance, and add a small lift. Then the top floor could become a light, spacious studio.

owen But with the actual budget?

maya We'll fix the drainage behind the back wall first. As soon as the owner agrees to that, we'll ask for two quotations for the entrance.

owen Good. If the quotations are reasonable, the committee will still consider the house.

문장 형태

Which result is realistic, and which is only imagined?

Getting quotations is realistic because the committee can do it after the owner agrees. Adding a lift is imaginary because the current budget cannot pay for it.

The dialogue deliberately contrasts first-conditional project steps with second-conditional wish-list changes.

추가 연습

Why the first house was rejected

An employee applies evening-class learning at work while residents plan shared accommodation in an old house.

A neighbourhood association needed accommodation for four nurses working temporary contracts at the local hospital. Its first choice was a spacious house near the city centre. The rent was affordable, and the wooden floors and high ceilings were in good condition. However, the bedrooms were on the upper floors, the front steps were steep, and there was no practical place for a lift.

The committee did not reject the house because it looked old. A nurse who used crutches explained that an injury or an illness could make those stairs impossible. Her comment changed the order of the committee's priorities: access came before decoration and distance.

They then inspected a smaller bungalow in the suburbs. It had a narrow entrance and an untidy patio, but every bedroom was on the ground floor. If the owner widens the entrance, the association will sign a three-year lease. If the committee had a larger budget, it would also build a covered terrace; for now, it will repair the gate and create a level path.

The second property was less impressive in photographs. It became the stronger proposal because its central problem could be fixed without rebuilding the whole home.

narrator Her comment changed the order of the committee's priorities: access came before decoration and distance.

narrator If the owner widens the entrance, the association will sign a three-year lease.

reader If the committee had a larger budget, it would also build a covered terrace.

Imaginary situations: the second conditional

if + past, would + base verb

Use the second conditional for an imaginary, unlikely, or contrary-to-fact present or future situation.

If we bought this house, we would turn the basement into a workshop.

wouldn't + base verb

Use wouldn't for an imagined negative result.

I wouldn't remove the fireplace if I renovated the sitting room.

Would + subject + base verb … if …?

Use would before the subject to ask about the imagined consequence. Would or wouldn’t can also describe an imagined ideal without an if-clause when the condition is understood.

Would you live here if the roof were safe?

If I were you / if it were

Were is preferred for all persons in formal and careful second-conditional use, especially in If I were you.

If I were the owner, I would repair the entrance first.

could in the condition or result

Could can express imaginary ability or possibility.

If we could afford it, we could add a lift beside the steps.

first conditional: real possibility

Choose the first conditional when the speaker sees the condition as realistically possible.

If the survey is positive tomorrow, we will make an offer.

second conditional: imagined alternative

Choose the second conditional when considering a hypothetical version of the present or future.

If the building had a lift, more residents would apply.

No would in the if-clause

Normally put the past form in the if-clause and would in the result clause.

If I lived there, I would use the attic as an office.

Write a property proposal

The old station cottage could provide short-term accommodation for visiting nurses. It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate. The ground floor is cosy rather than spacious, with a fireplace, a wooden floor, and a small kitchen opening onto a terrace.

The main weakness is the attic staircase. Until a safety inspector approves the steps, we will use the attic only for storage. If the owner installs a handrail and improves the lighting, we will ask for an inspection. The roof also needs attention, so we should obtain a quotation as soon as the current tenant leaves.

If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom. Those changes are desirable, not essential. I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.

locates and describes the property

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate.

identifies one decisive weakness

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

The main weakness is the attic staircase.

separates funded conditions from imagined improvements

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom.

ends with a conditional recommendation

Find this sentence in the model and explain what it does.

I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.

이 단원 배우기
어떻게 배우고 싶나요?
계정이 있나요?

무료 계정은 한 단원을 계속 열어 둘 수 있습니다.

집의 위치와 특징을 말하는 표현

표현은 전치사와 함께 외우세요. 한국어는 장소에 대부분 “-에”를 쓰지만, 영어는 “in”과 “on”을 골라야 해요.

  • “on the outskirts”(도시 외곽), “on the coast”, “on the top floor”, 하지만 “in the country”, “in the suburbs”: “The training centre is on the outskirts of Bristol.”
  • 층: 영국 영어의 “ground floor”는 길과 같은 높이의 층, 즉 한국의 1층이에요. 미국 영어에서는 이 층을 “first floor”라고 해요.
  • “roof”는 건물을 덮는 지붕, “ceiling”은 방의 천장이에요. “basement”는 지하, “attic”은 지붕 바로 아래 다락이에요. “fireplace”는 불을 피우는 벽난로, “chimney”는 연기가 나가는 굴뚝이에요.
  • “spacious”(넓은), “cosy”(작지만 아늑한), “light”(햇빛이 잘 드는): “The ground floor is cosy rather than spacious.”

현실적인 다음 단계: “if”, “unless”, “as soon as”, “until”

가능하다고 보는 조건에는 “if” + 현재형, 그리고 “will”이나 “won’t”를 써요. “when”, “unless”, “as soon as”, “until” 뒤에도 미래의 뜻이지만 현재형을 써요. 한국어로 “주인이 고치면 계약할게요”라고 말할 때 조건 쪽에 미래 표현이 없는 것과 같아요.

  • “unless”는 “if not”, 즉 “~하지 않는 한”이에요: “We won’t sign the lease unless the owner repairs the roof.”
  • “as soon as”(“~하자마자”), 다음 단계를 말할 때: “As soon as the tenant leaves, we’ll get a quotation for the roof.”
  • “until”(“~할 때까지”), 기한을 말할 때: “Until a safety inspector approves the steps, we will use the attic only for storage.”

바람일 뿐인 아이디어: “if” + 과거, “would”

상상만 하는 상황에는 “if” + 과거형, 그리고 “would”를 써요. 이 과거형은 과거 시간이 아니라 현실과의 거리를 나타내요. 한국어의 “돈이 생기면 살 거예요”와 “돈이 많다면 살 텐데요”의 차이와 비슷해요.

  • “If we bought this house, we would turn the basement into a workshop.”
  • 글에서는 모든 인칭에 “were”를 써요: “If I were the owner, I would repair the entrance first.” 대화에서는 “if I was”도 자주 들려요.
  • 상상 속의 능력에는 “could”: “If we could afford it, we could add a lift beside the steps.”

“will”일까 “would”일까? 조건이 얼마나 현실적인가

조건이 나에게 얼마나 현실적인지로 고르세요. 지원한 뒤라면 “If I get the job, I’ll move”, 꿈만 꾸는 중이라면 “If I got the job, I’d move”예요. 아래 대화에서는 습기 찬 지하실 때문에 리모델링 계획이 바뀌었어요. 견적을 받는 것은 현실적인 계획이고, 엘리베이터는 바람이에요.

Owen That changes the budget. What would you do if money weren't a problem?

Maya I'd repair the basement, widen the entrance, and add a small lift. Then the top floor could become a light, spacious studio.

Owen But with the actual budget?

Maya We'll fix the drainage behind the back wall first. As soon as the owner agrees to that, we'll ask for two quotations for the entrance.

130~160단어 제안서 계획하기

실제 독자를 정하고, 가장 큰 문제가 순서를 정하게 하세요. 계단이 위험하면 인테리어보다 드나들기 쉬운 것이 먼저예요.

  • 위치와 목적: “It is on the outskirts, but a frequent bus stops outside the gate.”
  • 결정을 좌우하는 약점 하나: “The main weakness is the attic staircase.”
  • “if”, “until”, “as soon as”로 쓰는, 비용이 마련된 단계.
  • 따로 떼어 둔 상상 속 개선안: “If we had a larger budget, we would extend the kitchen and create a second bathroom.”
  • 조건을 유지한 추천: “I recommend renting the cottage if the inspection confirms that the roof and chimney are safe.”
나에게 맞는 방법으로 이 단원 배우기

자주 하는 실수

초안에서 다음을 확인하세요.

  • “If the owner will repair the roof, we’ll sign.” “if” 뒤에는 “will”을 쓰지 않아요. “If the owner repairs the roof, we’ll sign.”
  • “If I would have more money, I would buy it.” “if” 뒤에는 “would”를 쓰지 않아요. “If I had more money, I would buy it.”
  • “We won’t sign unless the owner doesn’t agree.” “unless”에는 이미 부정의 뜻이 있어요. “We won’t sign unless the owner agrees.”
  • “The house is in the outskirts.” “on the outskirts”지만 “in the suburbs”예요.
  • 원룸을 “a one-room”이라고 하기. 보통 “a studio”나 “a studio flat”이라고 해요.

토론: 다른 사람과 집을 함께 쓸 수 있을까?

질문마다 영어로 2분씩 답해 보세요. 현실적인 조건 하나와 상상 속 조건 하나를 넣으세요.

  • “Imagine you are seventy. Where would you like to live, and who with?”
  • “Would towns be better places if more people shared houses? Why or why not?”
  • “Should grown-up children have a say in where their parents live?”

하루 10분 연습법

모든 문장을 먼저 소리 내어 말해 보세요.

  • 2분: 대화를 듣고 계획과 바람을 나눠 보세요.
  • 3분: 내 집을 묘사하세요. 위치, 방 하나, 약점 하나.
  • 3분: “if”와 “as soon as”로 다음 단계 두 개, “if I had”로 바람 하나.
  • 2분: 조건을 유지한 추천 하나.

다음 단계

확정된 것과 가능하기만 한 것을 나누는 습관은 사실에 근거한 불만 이메일이나 휴대폰 알림에 대한 균형 잡힌 추천 글에서도 도움이 돼요. B2에서는 추측을 사실처럼 말하지 않고 사진을 묘사해 보세요.

자주 묻는 질문

조건문(first conditional)과 가정법 과거(second conditional)는 어떻게 다른가요?

조건문은 가능한 조건에 써요. “If the survey is positive tomorrow, we will make an offer.” 가정법 과거는 상상 속 조건에 써요. “If the building had a lift, more residents would apply.”

“if” 뒤에 “will”을 쓸 수 있나요?

미래의 조건이라면 쓰지 않아요. “If it will rain”이 아니라 “If it rains”예요. “when”, “unless”, “as soon as”, “until” 뒤에서도 마찬가지예요.

“if I was”와 “if I were” 중 무엇이 맞나요?

둘 다 쓰지만, 글에서는 특히 “If I were you” 같은 표현에서 “were”를 쓰는 편이 좋아요.

이 단원 배우기
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계정이 있나요?

무료 계정은 한 단원을 계속 열어 둘 수 있습니다.

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