영어로 최근 경험 글 쓰는 법 (B1 초중급): 현재완료, 과거형, 그리고 지금의 결과

최근 경험 글은 네 단계로 써요. 먼저 현재완료로 소식을 전해요. “I’ve just made dumplings for the first time, and my freezer is full of them.” 끝난 시점을 말하는 순간 과거형으로 바꿔요. “Last Saturday, I went to a small cooking class above a restaurant.” 그다음 감정 하나와 그 이유를 더하고, 지금의 결과나 조언으로 마무리해요. 한국어 “-았/었-”은 두 의미를 모두 담지만, 영어는 둘 중 하나를 골라야 해요. B1(초중급, A2–B1) 수준의 성인을 위한 글이고, 하루 10분이면 충분해요.

이 글이 맞는 분

과거 이야기는 할 수 있지만 “I’ve done”과 “I did” 사이에서 망설이는 초중급 성인.
수업, 여행, 공연, 쇼핑에 대해 SNS나 회사 단체방에 영어로 글을 올리고 싶은 분.
최근에 있었던 일을 짧은 이메일, 블로그 글, 게시글로 쓰는 과제를 준비하는 분.
아직 이르다면: went, bought, tried 같은 과거형이 아직 버겁다면 먼저 전환점이 있는 짧은 여행 이야기를 다루는 B1 글로 과거형만 따로 연습하세요.
너무 쉽다면: 두 시제를 생각하지 않고 오갈 수 있다면 중급의 현재완료진행형(“I’ve been learning…”)으로 넘어가세요.

예시 학습 페이지 열기

단어 카드

changing room

a private place in a shop where customers try on clothes

The changing rooms are behind the shoe department.

checkout

the place or screen where purchases are paid for

There was only one checkout open, so the queue was long.

customer

a person who buys or uses a shop’s goods or services

The assistant found another size for the customer.

receipt

a paper or digital record showing what you bought and paid

Keep the receipt in case the jacket does not fit.

shop assistant

a person who helps customers and sells goods in a shop

A shop assistant showed me where the coats were.

size

the standard measurement that shows how large clothing or footwear is

Do you have this shirt in a larger size?

suit

look attractive or appropriate on a particular person

That shade of green really suits you.

take back

return an item to a shop, usually for a refund or exchange

I’m taking the trousers back because they’re too short.

대화

assistant Hello. Can I help you?

maya Yes. I’d like to take this jacket back. I ordered it from your website last Friday, but the sleeves are too short.

assistant Do you have the receipt?

maya I haven’t printed it, but I used my store account and paid by debit card.

assistant That’s fine. Have you worn the jacket outside?

maya No, I haven’t. I only tried it on at home yesterday.

assistant I’ve found the order. We delivered a medium. Have you ever tried our longer-fit jackets?

maya No, I haven’t. Do you have one here?

assistant Yes. I’ll bring a medium and a large to the changing room. If one fits, we can exchange it today.

문장 형태

Why can Maya exchange the jacket without a paper receipt?

She bought it through her store account, and the assistant finds the digital purchase from last Friday.

Present perfect asks about experience or current condition; past simple locates the purchase at a finished time.

Have you bought…?
I ordered… last Friday.
Have you worn…?

추가 연습

Experience or finished past? c or ch?

An adult customer discussing a jacket return with a shop assistant.

present perfect: experience before now

use have/has + participle when the exact finished time is not stated or is not important

Have you ever bought clothes from an auction site?

past simple: finished time

use the past simple with yesterday, last…, ago, in 2024, or another finished time

I bought this coat three weeks ago.

present perfect opening → past simple details

begin with the life/recent experience, then ask when, where, what, or how much in the past simple

Have you been there? — Yes. I went last Saturday.

been vs gone

been means visited and returned; gone means went and is still away

Maya has been to the outlet. Owen has gone there now.

ever / never

use ever in experience questions and never for no experience up to now

Have you ever asked for a refund? I’ve never needed one.

c /k/ before a, o, u

c commonly sounds /k/ in cash, coat, customer, and card

The customer paid cash for the coat.

c /s/ before e, i, y

c commonly sounds /s/ in centre, city, and cycle

The city-centre cycle shop is closing.

ch /tʃ/ with exceptions

ch is usually /tʃ/ in changing and checkout; learn exceptions such as chemist /k/ and machine /ʃ/

The checkout machine is beside the changing room.

The coat with two histories

THE COAT WITH TWO HISTORIES

#SaturdayFind

I’ve bought second-hand clothes online before, but I’ve never collected an order from the seller’s workshop. Yesterday, I cycled across Leeds to meet Farah, who repairs old coats in a bright room above a bookshop.

The navy wool coat looked excellent in the photos, and the measurements on the website matched my size. When I tried it on, however, the right pocket felt unusually heavy. There was something inside: a small silver tram token from 1968 and a folded cinema ticket. Farah was surprised. She bought the coat at a house sale last month and checked the lining, but she didn’t look inside that pocket.

We searched for the cinema name online. The building still exists, although it is now a music venue. Farah offered me a refund because one button was also loose. I decided to keep the coat. She repaired the button while I waited and reduced the price by ten pounds.

I’ve already worn it on a cold evening walk, and it is warmer than my new jacket. The hidden objects did not make it valuable, but they made an ordinary purchase interesting. Next week, I’m taking the token to the city transport museum. Perhaps somebody there can tell me which tram line it came from.

Write a recent-experience post

MY FIRST POTTERY CLASS

#NewSkill

I’ve just completed my first pottery workshop, and I’m proud of one very imperfect blue cup. Last Saturday, I arrived at a small studio near the river. Everybody else seemed experienced, and I felt nervous because I couldn’t even keep the clay in the middle of the wheel.

After twenty minutes, my first cup fell sideways. The teacher didn’t make a joke or take over. She showed me how to slow the wheel and keep both hands still. I tried again, and this time the shape stayed upright. At the end, I painted it dark blue and wrote the date underneath.

The workshop was tiring but fascinating. I’ve already booked the next class for April. If you try pottery, wear old clothes and don’t expect a perfect first result—the useful part is learning how to repair a mistake.

What does a strong recent-experience post do?

It opens with the experience and current relevance, narrates specific past events, gives a reaction, and ends with a result or recommendation now.

The model changes from present perfect to past simple for the event and returns to the present for its result.

I’ve just…
Yesterday…
When…
I felt… because…
Now…
I’d recommend…

이 단원 배우기

어떻게 배우고 싶나요?

계정이 있나요?

무료 계정은 한 단원을 계속 열어 둘 수 있습니다.

최근 경험 글의 네 단계

방금 한 일을 전하는 좋은 글은 네 가지 질문에 순서대로 답하고, 질문마다 쓰는 시제가 있어요.

무엇이 새로운가요? 현재완료, 그리고 왜 지금 이야기하는지.
무슨 일이 있었나요? 끝난 시점과 함께 과거형.
어떤 기분이었나요? -ed 또는 -ing 단어와 그 이유.
지금 무엇이 달라졌나요? 결과, 또는 읽는 사람을 위한 조언.

예시 글: 120~150단어

“My first dumpling class”처럼 짧은 제목을 붙여요. 처음과 끝은 현재 시제이고, 끝난 시점이 나오는 문장은 모두 과거형이라는 점에 주목하세요.

“I’ve just made dumplings for the first time, and my freezer is full of them. I’ve cooked Italian food for years, but I’ve never tried Chinese cooking before. Last Saturday, I went to a small evening class above a restaurant near the market. There were eight of us, and nobody knew anybody. At first, it was frustrating: my dumplings kept opening in the boiling water. The chef didn’t laugh. She showed me how to use less filling and press the edges twice. My second tray was much better. At the end, we ate some of them together, and the evening felt really relaxing. I’ve already booked the next class, on noodles. If you try it, go hungry and don’t worry about the shape of your first dumpling.”

현재완료일까, 과거형일까?

시점을 말하지 않을 때, 지금까지의 경험을 말할 때, 지금 결과가 남아 있을 때는 “have/has + 과거분사”를 써요. 언제인지(yesterday, two weeks ago) 말하는 순간 과거형으로 바꿔요. 한국어 “-았/었-”은 “방금 끝냈어요”와 “어제 끝냈어요”에 모두 쓰이지만, 영어에서는 앞은 “I’ve just finished.”, 뒤는 “I finished yesterday.”예요. “just”와 “already”는 과거분사 앞에, “yet”은 문장 끝에 와요.

지금의 결과: “I’ve lost my keys, so I can’t get into the flat.”
경험 (ever, never): “Have you ever slept in a tent?” “No, I’ve never done that.” 한국어 “-ㄴ 적 있어요?”에 해당해요.
just, already, yet: “I’ve just finished the report.” “We’ve already eaten.” “Have you replied yet?”
질문 먼저, 세부 내용은 나중에: “Have you been to the new market?” “Yes, I went on Sunday.”
been과 gone: “Sara has been to Lisbon.” 다녀왔다는 뜻이에요. “Sara has gone to Lisbon.” 지금 그곳에 있다는 뜻이에요.

짧은 대화: 재킷 반품하기

한 손님이 지난 금요일에 온라인으로 주문한 재킷을 반품하고 있어요. 지금까지의 일을 말하는 “I haven’t printed it”, “Have you worn…?”과 끝난 과거를 말하는 “I used”, “paid”, “yesterday”를 비교하며 들어 보세요.

Assistant Do you have the receipt?

Maya I haven’t printed it, but I used my store account and paid by debit card.

Assistant That’s fine. Have you worn the jacket outside?

Maya No, I haven’t. I only tried it on at home yesterday.

나에게 맞는 방법으로 이 단원 배우기

감정과 그 원인: -ed일까, -ing일까?

글을 읽고 싶게 만드는 것은 내 반응이에요. -ed는 사람이 느끼는 기분, -ing는 그 기분을 일으키는 것을 말해요. 한국어 “지루해요”는 “I’m bored”도 “It’s boring”도 될 수 있지만, 영어는 둘을 구분해요. “I was boring”은 내가 남을 지루하게 했다는 뜻이에요.

“The meeting was boring, and I was bored after ten minutes.”
“It was a relaxing weekend; I came home completely relaxed.”
“The final was exciting, and the whole bar was excited.”
“The photos looked great, but the room was disappointing.”

자주 하는 실수

모두 쉽게 고칠 수 있어요.

“I’ve been there last weekend.” 끝난 시점에는 과거형을 써요. “I went there last weekend.”
“I was very boring at the party.” 내 기분을 말하려면 “I was very bored.”
“Nobody didn’t come.” 한국어는 “아무도 안 왔어요”처럼 동사도 부정으로 쓰지만, “nobody”는 그 자체로 부정이에요. “Nobody came.” 또는 “I didn’t see anybody.”
“He has gone to Rome three times.” 다녀온 여행은 “He has been to Rome three times.”
이야기가 끝나는 곳에서 멈추기. 결과나 조언이 없으면 글이 덜 끝난 느낌이에요.

하루 10분 연습법

이번 주에 실제로 한 일 하나를 고르세요.

2분: 대화를 재생하고, 한 문장마다 멈춰서 따라 말하세요.
3분: 현재완료로 첫 문장을 쓰고, 시점이 들어간 과거형 사건 네 개를 쓰세요.
3분: -ed/-ing 반응 하나와 결과나 조언을 더하고 단어 수를 세어 보세요. 120~150단어가 목표예요.
2분: 소리 내어 읽으세요. “I’ve”의 /v/가 /b/로 바뀌지 않도록 윗니를 아랫입술에 가볍게 대고 발음하세요.

다음 단계

과거의 일을 지금과 연결할 수 있게 되면, 같은 기준으로 두 선택지를 비교하는 글을 쓰고, 그다음 근거와 행동을 연결하는 예측 메모를 써 보세요.

자주 묻는 질문

영어에서 현재완료와 과거형은 언제 쓰나요?

시점을 말하지 않거나 결과가 지금 중요할 때는 현재완료를 써요. “I’ve lost my keys.” 경험을 물을 때도 마찬가지예요. “Have you ever…?” 언제인지 말하는 순간 과거형으로 바꿔요.

현재완료를 “yesterday”나 “last week”와 함께 쓸 수 있나요?

아니요. 끝난 시점 표현에는 과거형을 써요. “I bought it last week.” “today”처럼 아직 끝나지 않은 시간에는 현재완료를 쓸 수 있어요. “I’ve had two coffees today.”

“bored”와 “boring”은 어떻게 다른가요?

“bored”는 내가 느끼는 기분이고, “boring”은 그 기분을 일으키는 것이에요. “I’m boring.”은 다른 사람들이 나를 지루한 사람으로 여긴다는 뜻이에요.